Computer Vision

Lecture 3: Applications
• Computer vision is one of the most advanced innovations of artificial
intelligence and machine learning.
• It greatly impacts different industries, including retail, security,
healthcare, automotive, agriculture, etc.
• Some of the popular applications include:
Face recognition
• Computer vision has enabled machines to detect face images of people
to verify their identity.
• Initially, the machines are given input data images in which computer
vision algorithms detect facial features and compare them with
databases of fake profiles.
• Popular social media platforms like Facebook also use facial
recognition to detect and tag users.
• Various government spy agencies are employing this feature to
identify criminals in video feeds.
Healthcare and Medicine
• Computer vision has played an important role in the healthcare and
medicine industry.
• Traditional approaches for evaluating cancerous tumors are time-
consuming and have less accurate predictions, whereas computer
vision technology provides faster and more accurate chemotherapy
response assessments; doctors can identify cancer patients who need
faster surgery with life-saving precision.
Self-driving vehicles
• Computer vision technology has also contributed to its role in self-
driving vehicles to make sense of their surroundings by capturing
video from different angles around the car and then introducing it into
the software.
• Cars can detect the presence of other cars and objects, read traffic
signals, pedestrian paths, etc., and safely drive their destination.
Optical character recognition (OCR)
• Optical character recognition helps us extract printed or handwritten
text from visual data such as images.
• It also enables us to extract text from documents like invoices, bills,
articles, etc.
Machine Inspection
• Computer vision is vital in providing an image-based automatic
inspection.
• It detects a machine's defects, features, and functional flaws,
determines inspection goals, chooses lighting and material-handling
techniques, and other irregularities in manufactured products.
Retail
• Retail outlets such as automated checkouts is also being implemented
in the retail industries to track products, shelves, wages, record
product movements into the store, etc.
• This AI-based computer vision technique automatically charges the
customer for the marked products upon checkout from the retail stores.
3D model building
• 3D model building or 3D modelling is a technique to generate a 3D
digital representation of any object or surface using the software.
• Here, computer vision plays the role in constructing 3D computer
models from existing objects.
• 3D modelling has a variety of applications in various places, such as
Robotics, Autonomous driving, 3D tracking, 3D scene reconstruction,
and AR/VR
Automotive safety
• Computer vision has added an important safety feature in automotive
industries. E.g., if a vehicle is taught to detect objects and dangers, it
could prevent an accident and save thousands of lives and property.
• An example of this that is drivers’ drowsiness system.
Surveilance
• It is one of computer vision technology's most important and
beneficial use cases.
• Nowadays, CCTV cameras are almost fitted in every place, such as
streets, roads, highways, shops, stores, etc., to spot various doubtful or
criminal activities.
• It helps provide live footage of public places to identify suspicious
behavior, identify dangerous objects, and prevent crimes by
maintaining law and order.
Fingerprint recognition and biometrics
• Computer vision technology detects fingerprints and biometrics to
validate a user's identity.
• Biometrics deals with recognizing persons based on physiological
characteristics, such as the face, fingerprint, vascular pattern, or iris,
and behavioral traits, such as gait or speech.
• Biometrics. combines Computer Vision with knowledge of human
physiology and behavior.
Computer Vision challenges
• Privacy and security: Vision-powered surveillance for instance is having
various serious privacy issues for lots of countries. It restricts users from
accessing unauthorized content.
• Some countries such as Belgium and Luxembourg have put ban or avoid face
recognition and detection techniques for privacy and security reasons.

• Duplicate and false content: Cyber security is always a big concern for all
organizations, and they always try to protect their data from hackers and cyber
fraud.
• A data breach can lead to serious problems, such as creating duplicate images
and videos over the internet.
Some tasks of
computer vision
• Image Classification: This technique used to
classify an image, such as whether an image
contains a dog, a person's face, or a banana. With
image classification, we can accurately predict
the class of an object present in an image.
• Object Detection: It uses image classification to
identify and locate the objects in an image or
video.
• With this technique we system can count objects
in a given image or scene and determine their
accurate location, along with their labelling. For
example, in a given image, there is one person
and one cat, which can be easily detected and
classified using the object detection technique.
• Object Tracking: Object tracking is a computer vision technique used to follow
a particular object or multiple items. Generally, object tracking has applications in
videos and real-world interactions, where objects are firstly detected and then
tracked to get observation.
• Object tracking is used in applications such as Autonomous vehicles, where apart
from object classification and detection such as pedestrians, other vehicles, etc.,
tracking of real-time motion is also required to avoid accidents and follow the
traffic rules.
• Semantic Segmentation: Image segmentation is not only about detecting the
classes in an image as image classification. Instead, it classifies each pixel of an
image to specify what objects it has. It tries to determine the role of each pixel in
the image.
Computer Vision
Applications
• Defect detection using Computer Vision
• OCR using Computer vision
• Crop Monitoring
• Analysis of X-rays, MRI, and CT scans using Computer
Vision
• Road Condition Monitoring
• 3D model Building using Computer vision
• Cancer Detection using Computer Vision
• Plant Disease Detection using Computer Vision
• Traffic Flow Analysis
Computer vision in healthcare
• X-Ray Analysis
Computer vision can be successfully applied for medical X-ray imaging. Although
most doctors still prefer manual analysis of X-ray images to diagnose and treat
diseases, with computer vision, X-ray analysis can be automated with enhanced
efficiency and accuracy. The state-of-art image recognition algorithm can be used
to detect patterns in an X-ray image that are too subtle for the human eyes.
• Cancer Detection
Computer vision is being successfully applied for breast and skin cancer detection.
With image recognition, doctors can identify anomalies by comparing cancerous
and non-cancerous cells in images.
• With automated cancer detection, doctors can diagnose cancer faster from an MRI
scan.
• CT Scan and MRI
Computer vision has now been greatly applied in CT scans and MRI
analysis. AI with computer vision designs such a system that analyses
the radiology images with a high level of accuracy, similar to a human
doctor, and also reduces the time for disease detection, enhancing the
chances of saving a patient's life.
• It also includes deep learning algorithms that enhance the resolution of
MRI images and hence improve patient outcomes.