Developmental

Assessment​
 Developmental
assessments are a
What is developmental assessment comprehensive

A
evaluation of a child's
physical,
intellectual,
language, social and
emotional
development. They
are usually conducted
when a parent,
educator or medical
health professional
identifies that a child
is experiencing
difficulty in one or
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more of these areas. 2
 are processes of mapping a child’s
performance compared with children
of similar age from similar
population.

Developmental
Assessment

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 Four (4) areas
Development is the Gross motor development
acquisition of Fine motor development
qualitative &
quantitative skills in Personal and social
a socialenvironment development

Language Development

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 A developmental assessment

What is the goal of is a structured evaluation of

developmental the child's development and

assessment? a comprehensive assessment
needs to cover the key
domains – physical, social,
emotional, moral, and
intellectual.

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 Gross Motor Development
Remember: In normal Development
1.Pattern is constant
2.Skills are acquired sequentially
3.Rate varies from child to child
4.Later goals depend on achieving earlier goals is same field.e.g.
Sit before stand then walk
5.Genetics and environmental factors contribute positively& negatively

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 Milestones- is the acquisition of key
skills
Median Age- age at which half of the population acquire the skill.
Limit- age at which skill should have been achieved.

Remember: some are constant. (Smile by 8/52 )

some are not crawling

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 terminologies
Development delay-discrepancy is 25% OR 1 TO 1.5 SD FROM NORMAl.
_SD is standard deviation
Global Development Delay-delay in 2 or more domains of development.
Development Deviance- when a child develops a milestone or skill outside
typical sequence of acquisition.(e.g. a child who can play the piano at 5
years old.
Development Dissociation when a child has widely differing rates of
development in different domains
Development regression- when a child loses previously acquired skills or
milestones

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 What is the goal of developmental assessment?

A developmental assessment is a structured evaluation of the child's development and a comprehensive assessment
needs to cover the key domains – physical, social, emotional, moral, and intellectual.

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 Principles of Developmental
Assessment
1.It is the most distinctive attribute of childhood from conception to
maturity.
2. Development is intimately related to the maturation of the central
nervous system.
3. The sequence of development is identical in all children but the rate of
development varies from child to child.
4. The child with odd looking face does not necessarily have mental.sub
normality.

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 Principles of developmental
assessment (continued)
5. The attributes like creativity, future potentiality, IQ and mental
superiority cannot be predicted in an individual child by developmental
assessment.
6. The geralized mass activity of early infancy is replaced by specific and
subtle individual responses.
7.It is a common observation that when shown a bright object, an infant
shows wild excitement by moving trunk, arms and legs and babbling
while an older child merely smiles and reach for the object.

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 Principles of developmental
assessment (Continued)
8. Development proceeds in a cephalocaudal direction. The infant
initially develops head control followed by ability to roll over, grasp,
sitting, crawling, standing, walking etc.
9. Certain primitive reflexes like grasp reflex must be lost before
corresponding voluntary movements are required.
s

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 Developmental Screening
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children be
screened for developmental delays and disabilities during regular well-
child doctor visits at;
9 months, 18 months or 24 or 30 months
Additional screening might be needed if a child is at high risk for
developmental problems due to preterm birth, low birthweight or other
reasons.

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 What is the importance of
developmental assessment?
1.help identify possible developmental problems and the need
for further diagnostic evaluation. 
2. provide an objective description of the child's abilities and deficits (a
functional assessment) determine eligibility for programs (such as early
intervention programs)

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 What are the developmental
assessment tools?
formal questionnaires or checklists based on research that
ask questions about a child's development, including
language, movement, thinking, behavior, and emotions.

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 Assessing Motor Skills/impairment
The Motricity Index (MI) is a valid and reliable test
of motor impairment that can be performed quickly.
The test assesses pinching a cube with the index
finger and thumb, as well as elbow flexion, shoulder
abduction, ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension, and
hip flexion.

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 Motor skills are simply any movement that is done using
muscles. For example, a child can stack blocks of different sizes
from largest to smallest to begin to gain mathematical
understanding. A child can run to release anger or paint to
release other emotions. The use of parachute play in school
helps children learn how to work together for a common goal.

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 Locomotor skills are the skills used for basic movement.
They're the building blocks for coordination. 

Activities to assess include galloping, sliding, jumping,

hopping on one foot, running, and skipping. Each activity
is individually performed and assessed. The child's ability
to perform the skill will be evaluated as ''needing
improvement,'' ''meeting expectations,'' or ''mastery'' of
the skill.

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 Non-Locomotor Skills
Conversely, non-locomotor skills are movements that a
person performs while remaining stationary. Non-locomotor
skills allow stability and control when in different positions and
when moving. Non-locomotor skills include stretching, bending,
pulling, pushing, swaying, twisting, log-rolling, and balancing.
Children use these skills in everyday activities both in
structured and unstructured situations.

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 How do speech and language develop?

The first 3 years of life, when the brain is developing and maturing, is the
most intensive period for acquiring speech and language skills. These
skills develop best in a world that is rich with sounds, sights, and
consistent exposure to the speech and language of others.

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 Language Asssessment (Continued_)
There appear to be critical periods for speech and
language development in infants and young children
when the brain is best able to absorb language. If
these critical periods are allowed to pass without
exposure to language, it will be more difficult to
learn.

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 What are the milestones for speech and language
development?

The first signs of communication occur when an infant learns that a cry will
bring food, comfort, and companionship. Newborns also begin to recognize
important sounds in their environment, such as the voice of their mother or
primary caretaker. As they grow, babies begin to sort out the speech sounds that
compose the words of their language. By 6 months of age, most babies recognize
the basic sounds of their native language.

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 Nice to Know!
What are voice, speech, and language?
Voice, speech, and language are the tools we use to communicate with each
other.
Voice is the sound we make as air from our lungs is pushed between vocal
folds in our larynx, causing them to vibrate.
Speech is talking, which is one way to express language. It involves the
precisely coordinated muscle actions of the tongue, lips, jaw, and vocal tract to
produce the recognizable sounds that make up language.
Language is a set of shared rules that allow people to express their ideas in a
meaningful way. Language may be expressed verbally or by writing, signing,
or making other gestures, such as eye blinking or mouth movements.

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 DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS
Developmental delays should be suspected if a child is not able to
1.Pull up to sit by 4 months
2. Rollover by 5 months
3. Sit without support by 7-8 months
4. Stand by holding on by 9-10 months
5. Walk by 15 months
6. Climb up and down the stairs by 2 years

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 Developmental delays (continued)
7. Jump with both feet by 2.5 years
8. Stand momentarily by one foot at 3 yearsold
9. Hop step by 4 years old and walk in a straight line back
and forth and balance for 5-10 seconds by 5 years old.

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 Example of Developmental screening
tools
1,. DDST- Denver Developmental Screening Test
2. BDST- Baroda Developmental Screening Test
3. Bayley Developmental Screening Test

To be discussed in detail in the higher level of Nursing care management

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