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Slides OOP Part 1 Inheritance Introduction To Classes and Objects

This document provides an introduction to classes and objects in object-oriented programming. It discusses how classes act as blueprints for objects, defining their state as fields and behavior as methods. Real-world examples of objects like computers and ants are used to illustrate how they have state properties and behaviors. The class describes relevant data and behaviors for the objects it represents. Access modifiers determine which classes and packages can access classes and their members.

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SHR extreme
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39 views

Slides OOP Part 1 Inheritance Introduction To Classes and Objects

This document provides an introduction to classes and objects in object-oriented programming. It discusses how classes act as blueprints for objects, defining their state as fields and behavior as methods. Real-world examples of objects like computers and ants are used to illustrate how they have state properties and behaviors. The class describes relevant data and behaviors for the objects it represents. Access modifiers determine which classes and packages can access classes and their members.

Uploaded by

SHR extreme
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Classes and Objects

In this video, we're going to start talking about Object Oriented Programming.

COMPLETE JAVA MASTERCLASS


Introduction to Classes and Objects
What is Object Oriented Programming

What is Object Oriented Programming?


Object oriented programming is a way to model real world objects, as software objects,
which contain both data and code.
OOP is a common acronym for Object Oriented Programming.

COMPLETE JAVA MASTERCLASS


Introduction to Classes and Objects
Class-based Programming

Class-based programming starts with classes, which become the blueprints for objects.
But what does this really mean?
So, to start, we need to understand what objects are.
They're really the key to understanding this Object Oriented terminology.

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Introduction to Classes and Objects
Real World Object Exercise

So what I'd like you to do, is just have a look around, in the area you're sitting in right now.
And if you do that, you'll find that there's many examples of real world objects.
For example, I'm sitting here and I can see:
• A computer
• I can see a keyboard
• I can see a microphone
• I can see shelves on the wall
• I can see a door

All of these are examples of real world objects.


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Introduction to Classes and Objects
State and Behavior

Now, Real world objects have two major components:


• state
• and behavior

COMPLETE JAVA MASTERCLASS


Introduction to Classes and Objects
State (computer)

So State, in terms of a computer object, might be:


• The amount of RAM it has
• The operating system it's running
• The hard drive size
• The size of the monitor

These are characteristics about the item, that can describe it.

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Introduction to Classes and Objects
State (ant)

We could also describe animate objects, like people or animals, or even insects, like an ant.
For an ant, the state might be:
• The age
• The number of legs
• The conscious state
• Whether the ant is sleeping or is awake

COMPLETE JAVA MASTERCLASS


Introduction to Classes and Objects
Behavior (computer)

In addition to state, objects may also have behavior, or actions that can be performed by
the object, or upon the object.
Behavior, for a computer, might be things like:
• Booting up
• Shutting down
• Beeping, or outputting some form of sound
• Drawing something on the screen, and so on

All of these could be described as behaviors for a computer.

COMPLETE JAVA MASTERCLASS


Introduction to Classes and Objects
Behavior (ant)

For an ant, behavior might be:


• Eating
• Drinking
• Fighting
• Carrying food, those types of things

COMPLETE JAVA MASTERCLASS


Introduction to Classes and Objects
State and Behavior

So modelling real world objects as software objects, is a fundamental part of Object


Oriented Programming.
Now, a software object stores its state in fields, which can also be called variables, or
attributes.
And Objects expose their behavior with methods, which we've talked about before.
So, where does a class fit in?
Well, think of a class as a template, or a blueprint for creating objects.
Let's take another look at the class.

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Introduction to Classes and Objects
The class as the blueprint
The class describes the data (fields), and the behavior (methods), that are relevant to the
real world object we want to describe.
These are called class members.

A class member can be a field, or a method, or some other type of dependent element.
If a field is static, there is only one copy in memory, and this value is associated with the
class, or template, itself.
COMPLETE JAVA MASTERCLASS
Introduction to Classes and Objects
The class as the blueprint

If a field is not static, it's called an instance field, and each object may have a different value
stored for this field.
A static method can't be dependent on any one object's state, so it can't reference any
instance members.
In other words, any method that operates on instance fields, needs to be non-static.

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Introduction to Classes and Objects
Organizing classes

Classes can be organized into logical groupings, which are called packages.
You declare a package name in the class using the package statement.
If you don't declare a package, the class implicitly belongs to the default package.

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Introduction to Classes and Objects
Access modifiers for the class

A class is said to be a top-level class, if it is defined in the source code file, and not enclosed
in the code block of another class, type, or method.
A top-level class has only two valid access modifier options: public, or none.

Access
Description
keyword

public public means any other class in any package can access this class.

When the modifier is omitted, this has special meaning, called package
access, meaning the class is accessible only to classes in the same package.

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Introduction to Classes and Objects
Access modifiers for class members
An access modifier at the member level, allows granular control over class members.
The valid access modifiers are shown in this table from the least restrictive, to the most
restrictive.
Access
Description
keyword
public public means any other class in any package can access this class.
protected allows classes in the same package, and any subclasses in other
protected
packages, to have access to the member.
When the modifier is omitted, this has special meaning, called package
access, meaning the member is accessible only to classes in the same
package

private private means that no other class can access this member

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Introduction to Classes and Objects
Encapsulation

Encapsulation in Object Oriented Programming usually has two meanings.


One is the bundling of behavior and attributes on a single object.
The other is the practice of hiding fields, and some methods, from public access.

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Introduction to Classes and Objects

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