SELECTION ITERATION

TYPES OF CONTROL STRUCTURES

A Structured programming is an important feature of a
programming language which comprises following logical
structure:
1. SEQUENCE

2. SELECTION

3. ITERATION OR LOOPING
4. BRANCHING OR JUMPING
STATEMENTS
 Decision Making / selection
 Decision Making
• Decision structures evaluate multiple expressions which
produce TRUE or FALSE as outcome.
• Needs to determine which action to take and which
statements to execute if outcome is TRUE or FALSE
otherwise.
• TRUE
• any non-zero and non-null values 
• FALSE
• either zero or null
 Typical decision making structure
 Decision Making
 Flow graph

Condition

If the condition is If the condition is

true FALSE

Conditional
Code
 Types of decision making statements.
 Decision Making
 Flow graph
 Types of Decision
making systems
 Python IF Statement
 Decision Making • The if statement contains a logical expression using which
 Flow graph data is compared and a decision is made based on the
 Types of Decision result of the comparison.
making systems
 IF Statement
• Syntax
 Syntax if expression:
statement(s)
• Flow Diagram
 Flow Diagram
 Decision Making
 Flow graph
 Types of Decision
If the condition is
making systems true
 IF Statement Condition
 Syntax
 Flow graph

If the condition is
FALSE
Conditional
Code
 Example
 Decision Making var1 = 100
 Flow graph
if var1:
 Types of Decision
making systems print ("1 - Got a true expression value")
 IF Statement print (var1)
 Syntax
 Flow graph
 Example
var2 = 0
if var2:
print ("2 - Got a true expression value")
print (var2)
print ("Good bye!")
 Python IF... ELSE Statements
 Decision Making • An else statement can be combined with an if statement.
 Flow graph
• An else statement contains the block of code that executes
 Types of Decision
making systems
if the conditional expression in the if statement resolves to
 IF Statement
0 or a FALSE value.
 Syntax • Syntax
 Flow graph
 IF-ELSE statement
if expression:
 Syntax statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
 Flow Diagram
 Decision Making
 Flow graph
 Types of Decision
If the condition is
making systems true
 IF Statement Condition
 Syntax
 Flow graph
If the condition is
 IF-ELSE statement FALSE
 Syntax
 Flow graph
FALSE Conditional TRUE Conditional
Code Code
 Example
 Decision Making var1 = 100
 Flow graph
if var1:
 Types of Decision
making systems print ("1 - Got a true expression value")
 IF Statement print (var1)
 Syntax
 Flow graph else:
 IF-ELSE statement print ("1 - Got a false expression value")
 Syntax
 Flow graph print (var1)
 Example
 Example
 Decision Making var2 = 0
 Flow graph
if var2:
 Types of Decision
making systems print ("2 - Got a true expression value")
 IF Statement print (var2)
 Syntax
 Flow graph else:
 IF-ELSE statement print ("2 - Got a false expression value")
 Syntax
 Flow graph print (var2)
 Example

print ("Good bye!")

 The elif Statement
 Decision Making • The elif statement allows to check multiple expressions for
 Flow graph TRUE and
 Types of Decision
making systems
• execute a block of code as soon as one of the conditions
 IF Statement
evaluates to TRUE.
 Syntax • Similar to the else, the elif statement is optional.
 Flow graph
 IF-ELSE statement
• However, unlike else, for which there can be at most one
 Syntax statement,
 Flow graph • there can be an arbitrary number of elif statements
 Example
 Elif Statement
following an if.
 Syntax: The elif Statement
 Decision Making if expression1:
 Flow graph
statement(s)
 Types of Decision
making systems elif expression2:
 IF Statement statement(s)
 Syntax
 Flow graph elif expression3:
 IF-ELSE statement statement(s)
 Syntax
 Flow graph else:
 Example
 Elif Statement
statement(s)
• Syntax
 Syntax: The elif Statement
 Decision Making var = 100
 Flow graph
if var == 200:
 Types of Decision
making systems print ("1 - Got a true expression value")
 IF Statement print (var)
 Syntax
 Flow graph elif var == 150:
 IF-ELSE statement print ("2 - Got a true expression value")
 Syntax
 Flow graph print (var)
 Example
 Elif Statement
• Syntax
• Example
 Syntax: The elif Statement
 Decision Making elif var == 100:
 Flow graph
print ("3 - Got a true expression value")
 Types of Decision
making systems print (var)
 IF Statement else:
 Syntax
 Flow graph print ("4 - Got a false expression value")
 IF-ELSE statement print (var)
 Syntax
 Flow graph
 Example
 Elif Statement
print ("Good bye!")
• Syntax
• Example
 Example
 Decision Making mark= int(input("Enter the marks out of 100="))
 Flow graph if mark>=90:
 Types of Decision print("Attained grade is 'S'")
making systems
 IF Statement
elif mark>=80:
 Syntax print("Attained grade is 'A'")
 Flow graph elif mark>=70:
 IF-ELSE statement
print("Attained grade is 'B'")
 Syntax
 Flow graph elif mark>=60:
 Example print("Attained grade is 'C'")
 Elif Statement
• Syntax elif mark>=50:
• Example
print("Attained grade is 'D'")
else:
print("Attained grade is 'Fail'")
 Nested IF statements
 Decision Making • There may be a situation when you want to check for
 Flow graph another condition after a condition resolves to true.
 Types of Decision
making systems
• In such a situation, you can use the nested ifconstruct.
 IF Statement • In a nested if construct, you can have
 Syntax an if...elif...else construct inside
 Flow graph
another if...elif...else construct.
 IF-ELSE statement
 Syntax
 Flow graph
 Example
 Elif Statement
• Syntax
• Example
 Nested IF Staements
 Syntax: Nested IF statements
 Decision Making if expression1:
 Flow graph statement(s)
 Types of Decision if expression2:
making systems
 IF Statement statement(s)
 Syntax elif expression3:
 Flow graph
statement(s)
 IF-ELSE statement
 Syntax else:
 Flow graph statement(s)
 Example
 Elif Statement elif expression4:
• Syntax statement(s)
• Example
 Nested IF Statements
else:
 Syntax statement(s)
 Example
 Decision Making var = 100
 Flow graph if var < 200:
 Types of Decision print ("Expression value is less than 200")
making systems if var == 150:
 IF Statement print ("Which is 150")
 Syntax
elif var == 100:
 Flow graph
print ("Which is 100")
 IF-ELSE statement
elif var == 50:
 Syntax
 Flow graph print ("Which is 50")
 Example elif var < 50:
 Elif Statement print ("Expression value is less than 50")
• Syntax
• Example else:
 Nested IF Statements print ("Could not find true expression")
 Syntax
 Example print ("Good bye!")
 Example
 Decision Making
 Flow graph
 Types of Decision
making systems
 IF Statement
 Syntax
 Flow graph
 IF-ELSE statement
 Syntax
 Flow graph
 Example
 Elif Statement
• Syntax
• Example
 Nested IF Statements
 Syntax
 Example
 Example
 Decision Making • Multiple conditions can be check in a ‘if’ statement using
 Flow graph logical operators ‘and’ and ‘or’.
 Types of Decision
making systems
• Python code to print ‘excellent’ if mark1 and mark2 is
 IF Statement greater than or equal to 90, print ‘good’ if mark1 or
 Syntax mark2 is greater than or equal to 90, print ‘need to
 Flow graph improve’ if both mark1 and mark2 are lesser than 90
 IF-ELSE statement
 Syntax
 Flow graph
 Example
 Elif Statement
• Syntax
• Example
 Nested IF Statements
 Syntax
 Example
 Python Code
 Decision Making mark1=int(input("mark1="))
 Flow graph
mark2=int(input("mark2="))
 Types of Decision
making systems if(mark1>=90 and mark2>=90):
 IF Statement
print("Excellent")
 Syntax
 Flow graph elif(mark1>=90 or mark2>=90):
 IF-ELSE statement

print("Good")
Syntax
 Flow graph else:
 Example
 Elif Statement print("Needs to improve")
• Syntax
• Example
 Nested IF Statements
 Syntax
 Example
Summary