Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 6 views

    17 The Role of Behavioural Factors in Disease and

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Rahiman
    Behavioral factors play an important role in many diseases and disorders. Unhealthy behaviors like smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and excessive alcohol consumption can significantly increase risks of conditions like heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and lung diseases. Stress, depression and social isolation have also been shown to impact immune function and influence disease. While genetics and age contribute to health risks, behaviors are often controllable and managing behaviors through lifestyle changes, therapy, and medical treatment can help prevent and manage disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    17 The Role of Behavioural Factors in Disease and

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Rahiman
    6 views24 pages
    Behavioral factors play an important role in many diseases and disorders. Unhealthy behaviors like smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and excessive alcohol consumption can significantly increase risks of conditions like heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and lung diseases. Stress, depression and social isolation have also been shown to impact immune function and influence disease. While genetics and age contribute to health risks, behaviors are often controllable and managing behaviors through lifestyle changes, therapy, and medical treatment can help prevent and manage disease.

    Original Title

    17 the Role of Behavioural Factors in Disease And

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Behavioral factors play an important role in many diseases and disorders. Unhealthy behaviors like smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and excessive alcohol consumption can significantly increase risks of conditions like heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and lung diseases. Stress, depression and social isolation have also been shown to impact immune function and influence disease. While genetics and age contribute to health risks, behaviors are often controllable and managing behaviors through lifestyle changes, therapy, and medical treatment can help prevent and manage disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views24 pages

    17 The Role of Behavioural Factors in Disease and

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Rahiman
    Behavioral factors play an important role in many diseases and disorders. Unhealthy behaviors like smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and excessive alcohol consumption can significantly increase risks of conditions like heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and lung diseases. Stress, depression and social isolation have also been shown to impact immune function and influence disease. While genetics and age contribute to health risks, behaviors are often controllable and managing behaviors through lifestyle changes, therapy, and medical treatment can help prevent and manage disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    THE ROLE OF

    BEHAVIOURAL
    FACTORS IN
    DISEASE AND
    DISORDERS PRESENTED BY-DR. AMINA IFFAT
    M.D PART-I
    UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF- DR.C.B.REDDY SIRIR
    • BY THE END OF THIS SESSION THE LEARNER WILL BE
    ABLE TO UNDERSTAND
    • WAHAT IS BEHAVIOUR ?
    • WHAT ARE DISEASES AND DISORDERS?
    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
    CC BY

    • WHAT IS THE ROLE OF BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS IN


    DISEASES AND DISORDERS
    • What is behavior ?

    • manner of behaving or conducting oneself


    • Psychology:-the aggregate of all the responses made by an
    organism in any situation
    • -a specific response of a certain organism to a specific
    stimulus or group of stimuli
    • the action, reaction, or functioning of a system, under normal or
    specified circumstances
    • What are diseases and disorders?

    • DISEASE- any harmful deviation from the normal structural or


    functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs
    and symptoms and differing in nature from physical injury. A diseased
    organism commonly exhibits signs or symptoms indicative of its
    abnormal state.
    • DISORDER- A disorder could be defined as a set of problems, which
    result in causing significant difficulty, distress, impairment and/or
    suffering in a person's daily life.

    • A disease is distinct and measurable. A disorder might indicate that a


    specific disease is possible but there is not enough clinical evidence for
    diagnosis
    • Health behaviors are behaviors undertaken by people to
    enhance or maintain their health.
    • A health habit is health behavior that is firmly established
    and often performed automatically without awareness.
    • These habits usually develop in childhood and begin to
    stabilize around age 11 or 12.
    • Although a health habit may develop initially because it is
    reinforced by positive outcomes ,such as parenteral approval
    ,it eventually becomes independent of the reinforcement
    process.
    • From daily health concerns such as smoking, exercise and
    diet, to serious diseases such as cancer, HIV/AIDS and
    diabetes, evidence continues to mount that a wide variety of
    behavioral interventions are having a major influence in
    producing useful changes in the risk, management and
    outcome of many diseases and health problems.

    • Health researcher's understanding the role of behavioral


    factors in the development and course of disease has grown
    in scope in the past 10 years. 
    Factors That Influence Behavior Change
    • Predisposing factors:
    • Knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes based on life
    experiences as well as gender, age, race,
    socioeconomic background
    • Enabling factors:
    • Skills and abilities, resources available; can be positive
    or negative
    • Reinforcing factors:
    • Presence or absence of support, encouragement or
    discouragement from those around you
    • Motivation
    • Wanting to change is important to begin the change
    process
    • Must be combined with common sense,
    commitment and realistic understanding of the
    process
    • Rewards or incentives can be good tools for
    motivation to change
    • Immune Function and Health 
    • Negative emotions can lower immunity and can
    lead to increased risk for cardiovascular disease,
    osteoporosis, arthritis and certain cancers.
    • Researchers have found that the endocrine
    system serves as one central gateway for
    psychological influences on health; stress and
    depression can provoke the release of pituitary
    and adrenal hormones that have multiple
    effects on immune function and can lead to
    actual health changes.

    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under


    Behaviour Related illnesses?????
    • Cardiovascular disease
    • Asthma
    • Obesity.
    • Diabetes
    • Stroke
    • Cancer
    • COPD
    • Depression
    Coronary Heart Disease
    •  Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death
    in the United States and over the past decade there has been
    an increasing amount of evidence regarding the role of
    psychosocial risk factors in the development of CHD.
    • Studies have demonstrated the negative effects of hostility,
    depression and social isolation on CHD, with similar results in
    studies dealing with job stress and social conflict. These risk
    factors are associated with psychophysiological mechanisms
    through which stress and emotions could influence CHD and
    coronary artery disease (CAD). For those who do develop
    CHD and CAD, there is evidence that psychosocial
    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

    interventions can improve prognosis.


    Asthma - 
    • - Asthma flares are commonly triggered by allergens,
    airway irritants such as tobacco smoke, exercise and cold
    air.
    • There is no solid evidence indicating that behavioral
    factors cause asthma, but research shows asthma can be
    affected by stress, anxiety and sadness. Recent findings
    show that airways are just as reactive to psychological
    state as other physiological conditions. Asthma education
    programs that teach about the nature of the disease,
    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

    medications and trigger avoidance tend to reduce the


    incidence of asthma.
    Diabetes
    •  Diabetes management depends almost entirely on
    behavioral self-regulation. Research over the past
    decade provides strong evidence that the use of
    intensive treatment regimens to maintain tighter
    glucose control can delay or prevent the development
    of some of the devastating long-term complications of
    diabetes, and clinical health psychology plays a major
    role in developing these management programs. As
    for prevention, psychologists and behavioral scientists
    are just beginning to play a prominent role in diabetes
    prevention and genetic risk screening.
    Stroke
    COPD

    • Smoking
    • Lack of
    breathing
    exercises
    • Exposure to
    fumes and dust
    • Poor air quality
    Depression
    • Financial loss
    • Job problems
    • Loss of loved ones
    • Natural disasters
    • Social isolation
    • Jealousy
    • Relationship troubles and separation
    OBESITY
    • 10-30% Obese persons suffer from binge eating.
    • Although genetic factors are important physical activity and diet
    contribute significantly to maintain appropriate body weight.
    • Both cognitive behavioural therapy designed specially to control
    disordered eating.
    • Most important cause of obesity is lack of exercise , high fat intake ,
    high sugar food.
    • Obese people will have the risk of developing osteoarthritis,
    diabetes , sleep apnoea , gallbladder disorders , respiratory problems
    etc….
    CANCER
    • Obesity has been associated with some kind of cancer such as breast
    cancer and endometrial cancer.
    • Some researches shows that less physical activity leads to colon
    cancer.
    • Diet also plays important role in development of cancers.
    • Low folate intake leads to development of colon cancer.
    • Intake of fruits and vegetables lower the risk of many malignancies .
    This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
    Lifestyle diseases
    • A persons,
    1. Habits
    2. Behaviour
    3. Practices
    Controllable risk factors
    • Diet and body weight
    • Daily levels of physical activities
    • Level of sun exposure
    • Avoiding Alcohol and smoking
    Uncontrollable factors
    • Age
    • Race
    • Gender
    • Hereditary
    Internet and technology
    SUMMARY
    • Frequent causes of death globally are chronic diseases,
    including heart disease, cancer, lung diseases, and diabetes.
    • Behavioural factors, particularly tobacco use, diet and activity
    patterns, alcohol consumption, sexual behaviour, and
    avoidable injuries are among the most prominent contributors
    to this.
    • The central concern of health education is health behaviour.
    • Positive, informed changes in health behaviour are typically
    the ultimate aims of health education programs.
    Thank You

    You might also like