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Color Models

The document discusses various color models used in computer graphics, including RGB, CMYK, and HSI models. [RGB uses additive color with red, green, and blue lights and is used for displays. CMYK uses subtractive color with cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks and is used for printing. HSI describes color in terms of hue, saturation, and intensity rather than specific colors.]

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Laraib Rasheed
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234 views29 pages

Color Models

The document discusses various color models used in computer graphics, including RGB, CMYK, and HSI models. [RGB uses additive color with red, green, and blue lights and is used for displays. CMYK uses subtractive color with cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks and is used for printing. HSI describes color in terms of hue, saturation, and intensity rather than specific colors.]

Uploaded by

Laraib Rasheed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Graphics

Color Models

1
Color Models
  Color model is an orderly system for creating a whole range of colors

from a small set of primary colors.


 There are two types of color models, those that are subtractive and

those that are additive.


 Additive color models use light to display color while subtractive

models use printing inks.


 Colors perceived in additive models are the result of transmitted light

and colors perceived in subtractive models are the result of reflected


light.
2
Color Models
 There are several established color models used in computer
graphics
 The two most common are the RGB model (Red-Green-Blue)

for computer display and the CMYK model (Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-


Black) for printing

3
Color Models
The RGB Color Model

The CMY and CMYK Color Models

The HSI Color Model

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Color Models
 YCbCr (YPbPr)

 YUV

 YIQ

5
The RGB Color Model
 The RGB color model is one of the most widely used color

representation method in computer graphics.


 RGB is an additive color model For computer displays uses light to

display color , Colors result from transmitted light

6
The RGB Color Model
 Color image has 3 planes representing 3 primary (or additive) colors of

light:
R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue).
 Each primary color can take an intensity value ranging from 0(lowest)

to 1(highest).
 Mixing these three primary colors at different intensity levels produces

a variety of colors.

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The RGB Color Model
 The number of bits to represent a pixel is called pixel depth.

 If each element of a plane has 8-bit depth, each RGB color pixel has 24-

bit depth.
 The term full-color image is used often to denote a 24-bit RGB color

image.
 With 24 bits, we can have 224 = 16,777,216 colors.

 The collection of all the colors obtained by such a linear combination

of red, green and blue forms the cube shaped RGB color space.

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The RGB Color Model

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The RGB Color Model
 The corner of RGB color cube that is at the origin of the coordinate

system corresponds to black, whereas the corner of the cube that is


diagonally opposite to the origin represents white.
 The diagonal line connecting black and white corresponds to all the

gray colors between black and white, which is also known as gray axis.
 In the RGB color model, an arbitrary color within the cubic color space

can be specified by its color coordinates: (r, g.b).

11
The RGB Color Model
 Color specification using the RGB model is an additive process.

 We begin with black and add on the appropriate primary components

to yield a desired color.


 The concept RGB color model is used in Display monitor.

 On the other hand, there is a complementary color model known

as CMY color model. 

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RGB-24 Bit Color Cube

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CMY Color Model
CMY
C = Cyan,

M= Magenta,

Y= Yellow

14
CMY Color Model
 The CMY color model use a subtraction process and this concept is

used in the printer.
 In CMY model, we begin with white and take away the appropriate

primary components to yield a desired color.

15
CMY Color Model
Example
If we subtract red from white, what remains consists of green and blue
which is cyan.

The coordinate system of CMY model use the three primaries’


complementary colors:

16
CMY Color Model

17
CMY Color Model
 The corner of the CMY color cube that is at (0, 0, 0) corresponds to

white, whereas the corner of the cube that is at (1, 1, 1) represents black.
The following formulas summarize the conversion between the two
color models:

Where RGB values are normalized to the range [0, 1].

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CMY Color Model Cont…
Printers and copiers use CMY data.

Practically, [C, M, Y] = [1, 1, 1] does not produce pure black


(but muddy-looking black).

It saves resources than the RGB Scheme

19
CMYK Color Model
CMYK
C = Cyan,

M= Magenta,

Y= Yellow

K= Black

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CMYK Color Model Cont…
This model uses K for black as additional to the CMY
Model

They are used in 4 color printing, which can produce pure


black with dedicated K (black) cartridge.

22
HSI Color Model
HSI
H = Hue

S= Saturation

I= Intensity

23
HSI Color Model
Hue describes the pure color
Saturation gives measure to which pure color is
diluted by white light
Intensity is a synonym of Brightness

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RGB to HSI Conversion

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RGB to HIS Conversion Cont…

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With RGB values as:
(100,100,100) (150,0,0) (0,150,0)
(255,0,0) (255, 255, 255) (0,0,0)
(100,150, 200) (0,0, 255) (100, 200,150)

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RGB to HSI Conversion:
Compute HSI value of pixel (100,150,200)

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