3IS

REVIEW
Review of Related Literature and
Studies
WHAT CAN YOU SAY ABOUT THE VIDEO?

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OBJECTIVES:
•chooses appropriate
1 qualitative research
design
2
ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Think of a topic that has in your mind and imagine a
portrait/ painting as product of your interest then answer the
following questions:

1. Why does the topic seems interesting for you?

2. How will you achieve the product of your painting?
3. List down your objectives and plans of achieving it?
1. CASE STUDY
- Analysis of persons, groups, events, decisions, periods,
policies, institutions or other systems that are studied
holistically by one or more methods. It investigates a
phenomenon within its real-life context.
- Describe a person, a thing or an event for the purpose of
explaining the reasons behind the nature of its existence
1. CASE STUDY
- Studies a person, program or event in a defined time frame.
Creswell (1998) says the structure of a case study should be
the problem, the context, the issues and the lessons learned.
- Examples are case studies of drug – rehabilitated teenager,
transgender, gay marriages, success stories, among others
1. CASE STUDY
Example:
In the study of Acosta, Imee and Alexander Acosta (2016) entitled “SEEING THROUGH
A MAGNIFYING LENS: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY OF K-12 READINESS OF
FACULTY MEMBERS FROM HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE
PHILIPPINES”, adoption of the 12-year program of formal basic education. This is the
readiness of college faculty members on how to deal the transition years of having no
enrollees in college since high school were being added with 2 years more.

This research provides a real-life understanding on the issue of k-12 implementation on

education.
2. ETHNOGRAPHY
- Study of cultural patterns of people and their perspective as
a group. It also involves their beliefs, values and attitudes.
- Since this design gives stress to the study of a group of
people, in a way, this is one special kind of a case stufy. The
only thing that makes it different from the latter is your
participation as a researcher in the activities of the group.
2. ETHNOGRAPHY
- Mcmillan (1993) defines this type of research as interactive and which
requires relatively extensive time in a site to systematically observe,
interview and record processes as they occur naturally at the selected
location.
- One example is the ethnographic study on ethnic minority groups done
by Dr. Liza Daoanis who did a study on the surviving cultural heritage of
the Kankaneys of Dalipay, Batangas, Benguet. The Kankaneys are one of
the ethnolinguistic groups that have resisted change through the years and
so, have preserved their cultural traditions and beliefs.
2. ETHNOGRAPHY
Example:
In the study of Peter Gill (2008) entitled “THE EVERYDAY LIVES OF
MEN: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF YOUNG ADULT
MALE IDENTITY” wherein constructing the issue of men’s identities,
men’s health and well-being. The researcher describes in details the ways
which masculinities were observed every day.
The researcher took two years as participant in observing the pattern within
the two groups engaging men’s social worlds, belongingness and sex
relationships.
3. GROUNDED THEORY
- It is a development of theory directly based and grounded
in data collected by the researcher. It is an approach that
generates and modifies a theory.
- The theory or general pattern of understanding will emerge
as it begins with initial codes, develops into broad themes or
domains and redounds into a grounded theory or broad
interpretation.
3. GROUNDED THEORY
- It is an attempt to extract a general abstract theory of a
process or interaction grounded in views of research
participants.
- The purpose is to build a theory that is faithful to the
evidence. It is literally grounded on, or built on data
collected, a method of discovering new theory.
3. GROUNDED THEORY
Example:
Ilagan, Perla R. (2011) acquired an in depth understanding of the meaning of
intimate partner violence from the perceptions of Filipino men and women. A
sample consisted of 37 Filipino women and 2 Filipino men who were recruited
from a Barangay Center (Health Center) in Manila, Philippines. Data were
collected through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were open-ended, in-
depth, and audio-taped. The description of the study participants was provided by
the quantitative-descriptive data. Constant comparison method was used in
categorizing the narrative data and in examining the data for examples of similar
cases and themes.
3. GROUNDED THEORY
The study revealed a rich and contextualized overview that lay
a foundation for understanding the perceptions and experiences
of Filipino women and men living with intimate partner
violence. The data point to recurrent themes of poverty,
gambling, alcohol and drug use, poor communication skills,
jealousy and philandering. Violation of the dignity of a person
that brought with it children as victims was implicated in the
cycle of violence.
4. NARRATIVE INQUIRY
- These are tales of experience or imagination and come
naturally to human beings.
- Narrative research is essentially about telling a story. It
studies a single person or several individuals, gathers data
through the collection of stories or anecdotes, reports the
person’s or individual’s experiences and discusses the
meaning of those experiences.
4. NARRATIVE INQUIRY
- A good researcher doing this must be able to describe in
detail from the beginning, middle and end a person’s
experience on a particular topic of interest.
- It comes in several forms such as autobiography,
biography, life history and personal experience.
4. NARRATIVE INQUIRY
Example:
In the study of Theresa Andrea Nugent (2007) entitled “A NARRATIVE
INQUIRY OF TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS REGARDING THEIR
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCES”, it describes what is
happening or not from the viewpoint of the classroom teacher towards their
teaching experience to their students’ output. In this research, teachers then
reflect how they applied their learning to support student outcomes, the support
that students received and the barriers encountered. So in this research, there
are stories constructed by the researcher, respondents and the reader.
5. PHENOMENOLOGY
- A phenomenon is something you experience on Earth as a person. It is a
sensory experience that makes you perceive or understand things that
naturally occur in your life such as death, joy, friendship, care giving,
defeat, victory, and the like.
- Comparing to ethnography, phenomenology aims at getting a thorough
understanding of an individual’s experience for the same person’s realistic
dealings with hard facts of life. Ethnography aims at defining, describing
or portraying a certain group of people possessing unique cultural traits.
5. PHENOMENOLOGY
- The essence of this study is the search for “the central underlying
meaning of the research participant’s experience”. The purpose is to
understand an experience from the research participants point of view.
- One example of a phenomenological study could be that of comfort
women during the WWII. Another could be that of rehabilitated drug
dependents or rescued trafficked women. Still another could be a study of
college graduates who opt to do community outreach with the poor sectors
of the society, instead of practicing their professions immediately after
graduation.
5. PHENOMENOLOGY
Example:
Vapor, Victor Rey Cui (2009) explored a new Philippine phenomenon that
emerged involving Filipino physicians who went back to school to take up
nursing in the Philippines in order to migrate to foreign countries to work
as nurses. The purpose of his study was to describe and to interpret the
lived experiences of Filipino physician-turned nurses in the United States.
Phenomenology was used as research design, with data obtained from a
purposive sample of eight (8) self-identified physician-turned nurses in
Las Vegas, Nevada.
5. PHENOMENOLOGY
Participants were interviewed using a single, open-ended central question. The audio
taped responses that described their lived experiences were eventually transcribed
verbatim. To interpret their experiences, clusters of themes were then generated using the
Colaizzi's (1978) method of Phenomenological Inquiry. The results of the study revealed
that the experiences of Filipino physician-turned nurses involved multidimensional
issues, both in the contexts of emigration and a professional shift from physician to
nurse. Being the first of its kind, this study will enlighten society of the lived experiences
of Filipino physicians who compromise professional integrity by working as nurses just
to emigrate to the United States. Furthermore, this research study will contribute to the
existing literature on cross-cultural adaptation, particularly involving role compromise in
an unfamiliar social and cultural context.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFRENCES OF THE
FIVE TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFRENCES OF THE
FIVE TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Classify the following list of research topics according to the types
of research design.
1. Perception of Filipino Women and Men on Intimate Partner Violence
2. Social Responsibility: Perceived Successful Student Leadership Experience
3. Study of Experiences of Helping Professionals with Learning Disabilities
4. Research among Drinking Youth Cultures: Reflections from Observing
Participants
5. Gender and Climate Change Finance
LOOK BACK AND REFLECT
1. Why it is important to select the appropriate research
design?
2. What are the considerations to arrive at the best
research design of your study?
ASSESSMENT 1
Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Being There: Study of Student Perceptions of Instructor Presence in Online Classes
2. Leadership Journeys: Research Study exploring women school superintendent’s
meaning-making of Leadership
3. Child Protection and Maltreatment in the Philippines: A Systematic Review of the
Literature
4. The Kinship of Everyday Need: Relatedness and Survival in a Philippine Fishing
Community
5. Biographical Research of Teacher’s Experiences of Supportive Relationships with
Colleagues
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
 REFERENCES
SHS STEM Practical Research 1 Q4 Module 1
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