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Spreadsheet+Application 1

This document provides an overview of spreadsheets and their advantages over hand calculators, including the ability to produce and store documents with calculations that update automatically when data changes. It also describes key spreadsheet components like the formula bar and sheet tabs. Additionally, it covers working with formulas and functions in spreadsheets, explaining the different types of formulas, functions, and cell referencing styles.

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ttaka sasa
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121 views14 pages

Spreadsheet+Application 1

This document provides an overview of spreadsheets and their advantages over hand calculators, including the ability to produce and store documents with calculations that update automatically when data changes. It also describes key spreadsheet components like the formula bar and sheet tabs. Additionally, it covers working with formulas and functions in spreadsheets, explaining the different types of formulas, functions, and cell referencing styles.

Uploaded by

ttaka sasa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spreadsheet Application

 A spreadsheet is a computer program that we can use


for arithmetic computations. A spreadsheet offers
major advantages over the use of a hand calculator.
Among the advantages of a spreadsheet over a hand
calculator:
 A spreadsheet produces a document that can be read,

printed, stored and retrieved.


 A spreadsheet can have its calculations done in a

fashion by which they may be redone automatically if


any of the data values upon which they depend, are
changed.
 The numbers that appear in a spreadsheet are easily

used as the foundation of “charts” or “graphs” that


may be used to illustrate the relationships among
these numbers. We can build bar charts, pie charts,
line charts, etc.
 
 Formular bar
Located above the worksheet, this area displays the
contents of the active cell. It can also be used for
entering or editing data and formulas.
 Name box
Located next to the formula bar, the Name Box displays
the cell reference or the name of the active cell.
 Row numbers
Rows run horizontally in an Excel worksheet and are
identified by a number in the row header.
 Sheet Tab
Switching between worksheets in a Microsoft Excel file
is done by clicking on the sheet tab at the bottom of
the screen. 
Working with

Formulas and Functions


Formulas
 At times you may need to perform calculations on
numerical data in an Excel worksheet. These
calculations can be performed by using formulas and
functions. A formula is a sequence of values and
operators. Formulas begin with an equal sign (=).
 An important and useful feature of excel is that it
automatically recalculates the value of the cell that
contains a formula. Recalculation is done in case the
values of the cells to which the formula refers are
changed.
 When the formula is copied, the cell references in
the formula change with respect to the location of
the cells that contain the formula.
Functions
Functions are predefined formulas that perform
calculations by using specific values called
arguments, in a particular order.
Excel provides the following basic types of
functions:
 Mathematical functions
 Statistical functions
 Date and time functions
 Logical functions
Mathematical functions
Mathematical functions include the following
types of functions:
 SUM: This function returns the sum of the

values specified in a range of cells.

 PRODUCT: this function calculates the


product of all the numbers specified as
arguments and return the product of these
numbers.
Statistical functions
Statistical functions include the following types
of functions:
 AVERAGE: This function returns the average

of a set of numbers. The average is calculated


by dividing the sum of the numbers and the
count of numbers in the set.
 MAX: This function returns the largest value

in the specified range of cells.


 MIN: this function returns the smallest value

in the specified range of cells.


Statistical functions (Cont..)
 COUNT: This function returns the count of cells
that contains numeric values in the specified
range.
 COUNTIF: This function counts the number of

cells that meets a criterion.


 ROUND: This function enables you to round off

the value of numeric data in a cell to a specified


number of digits. The function requires two
arguments, one specifies the value to be
rounded and the other specifies the number of
digits to which you want to round the value.
Date Time functions
You can use the date and time functions in
Excel to analyze and calculate the date and time
value. Some of the commonly used date and
time functions are:
 NOW: this function is used to display the

current date and time. The syntax for this


function is =NOW().

 TODAY: this function is used to display the


current date. The syntax for this function is
=TODAY().
Logical Functions
Logical functions enable you to test whether a cell
or range of cells meets a specific condition and
return TRUE or FALSE accordingly.
Some of the commonly used logical functions are:
 IF: this function is used to perform conditional

tests and returns a different value depending on


whether the condition is TRUE or FALSE. The
syntax of the IF function is
=IF(condition,return_value_if_true,return_value_
if_false)
 NOT: this function is used to reverse the
value of the specified argument. The
argument can be a value or expression that
can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE.

e.g. in the formula =NOT (B2<50), the function


will return TRUE if marks are more than 50 and
FALSE if the marks are less than 50.
REFERENCING DATA
A reference is the address of a cell or range of cells in
a worksheet.

Relative Referencing
In this type of referencing style, when the position of
the cell containing the formula changes, the
reference also changes.

Absolute Referencing
This referencing style refers to the absolute position
of a cell in a formula, which does not change even if
you move or copy the formula to another location.
You can use absolute referencing in a formula by
prefixing the column name or the row number by a
dollar ($) sign. E.g. $A$2

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