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 Earth’s Movement
The Earth moves in two different ways in space.
The Earth rotates and revolves.

Revolution
(orbit)
365.25 days

Rotation (spin)
24 hours
 Earth’s Rotation
There is an imaginary line
through the center of the Earth
called the axis.

The axis extends from north

to south.
 Earth’s Rotation
It takes the Earth 24 hours, or 1 day, to complete one rotation on its axis.

When the side of the Earth that is facing the Sun is experiencing daytime, the
side of the Earth that is facing away from the
Sun is experiencing night-time.
 The Sun
The Sun rotates on its axis.

The Sun rises

in the east.

The Sun sets

in the west.

The Earth’s rotation makes the Sun appear to move across the sky,
but the Earth is actually rotating.
 The Earth rotates on its own axis
from West to East. Stars, thus appear
to move from East to West, due to the
relative motion of them with respect
to the Earth.
 Give It a Try
You will need: 1. Hold the globe next to the
• A flashlight, light source.
lamp or
window 2. Find where you live on the globe.
• A globe

3. Turn off the lights.

4. Point to where the axis is on the Earth

(remember the Earth is tilted
on its axis).

5. Rotate the Earth counterclockwise to

model day and night.
 Shadow changes

• Earth rotation causes changes in the position of the sun during the day.
• In the morning, the sun appears low and to the east.
• At noon, the sun appears high and in the middle of the sky.
• In afternoon, the sun appears low and to the west.
• As earth rotate, the sun shine an object from different angles.
• Shadow are longest in the early morning and in the late afternoon.
• As the sun appears to move higher in the sky, a shadow become shorter. • At
noon, the sun is at highest point in the sky, and a shadow is the shortest.
 Earth’s Revolution
The Earth revolves around
the Sun.

This takes approximately 365

days, or 1 year.

The path the Earth takes around

the sun is called
Earth’s ‘orbit’.
Seasons in the Northern Hemisphere
The seasons are created through the combination of the
Earth’s revolution and the tilt of the axis.

When the Autumn When the

northern northern
hemisphere of hemisphere of
the Earth is Spring the Earth is
tilted away Winter Summer tilted toward the
from the Sun, Sun, people in
people in these regions
the these are
regions are experiencing
Summer Winter
experiencing Spring
summer.
winter.

Autumn
 Do You Know the Difference?
Explain to your partner how rotation and revolution are different.
Try to use as many of these key words as possible:

axis spin orbit

seasons tilt

year day night

 Moon

Motions of the moon

• The moon moves in different ways .
• It rotates on its axis and it revolve around earth .
• How long it takes the moon to rotate once ? It
orbits earth once every 27.3 days .
 Phases of the moon

• The moon is visible only because it reflects sunlight

• The moon does not create its own light .
• The moon orbits earth , the half of the moon facing
the sun is in sunlight , and half facing away is in
shadow .
 New moon and waxing phases

• When the moon is between earth and the sun .

• The sun lit half of the moon faces away from earth .
• So the half facing earth is dark because it is in
shadow ( new moon )
 Waxing phases

• During the two weeks following a new moon , more

of the moon becomes visible , as the lit portion of
the moon becomes larger
• Waxing = Growing
• Waxing phases are waxing crescent , first quarter,
and waxing gibbous .
 Full moon and waning phases

• When earth is between the moon and the sun , the

entire sunlit half of the moon faces earth ( full
moon ).
 Waning phases

• During the two weeks following a full moon , less of the

sunlit side of the moon visible as the lit portion of the moon
becomes smaller .
• Waning = Shrinking
• The waning phases are waning gibbous , last quarter , and
waning crescent .

(1843) Phases of the Moon: Astronomy and Sp

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