FLUID

MIXING
GROUP 7
GROUP MEMBERS:
1) MUHAMMAD AMIRUL BIN SUHAIZAL (2021477436)
2)ALYA SOFIA BINTI AZMAN (2021470962)
3)MUHAMMAD HAZIQ FERHAN BIN ROSLI (2021886322)
4)NUR DALILI BINTI MOHAMAD NOR (2021486326)
5)SITI NURAISYAH BINTI ADI HEIRMAN (2021454172
 ABSTRACT
This experiment on fluid mixing consists of two experiments. The purpose of the first experiment
is to observe at the varied flow patterns that may be produced by using different impellers and
both with and without baffles. Water was used as the medium and a SOLTEQ Fluid Mixing
Apparatus (Model: FM103) was the apparatus for this experiment. Flat paddle and turbine
impellers are two different types of impeller that were used and also with or without baffles in
this experiment . From both types of impellers, different water flow patterns were observed . The
second experiment is then conducted to demonstrate how a mixer's power consumption varies
with speed, impeller type and the presence of baffles. The same equipment and medium were
used for the second experiment. The speed for the impellers  were set from 100rpm to
400rpm.The value of torque and speed of impeller with different condition were recorded and
was taken from the apparatus. Lastly, the value of force and power were determined by using
formula given.
 INTRODUCTI
Mixing ON
is the combination of two or more type of substance or
solution. A homogeneous mixture can be created by mixing two
different types of fluid when they are soluble in one another .
Turbulence, which is crucial for fluid mixing operations, is created
by the fluid being pumped through mixing impellers such turbines
and flat paddles. These mixing operations will result in fluid shear
and velocity. Each impeller will produce different flow patterns
which are axial and radial patterns. Also, the rate of dispersion in
the mixing tank can vary due to different flow patterns. Lastly,
power consumed from mixer also observe with various speed and
calculated using appropriate formula.
AIMS/
OBJECTIVES
To observe at the varied flow patterns that may
be produced by using different
impellers and both with and without baffles.

To demonstrate how a mixer's power

consumption varies with speed, impeller type
and the presence of baffles. 
 THEORY
● Propeller and turbine impellers are among the several types of impellers that have been
utilized in this experiment. The turbine impeller is a revolving component that
transmits energy from the motor to the fluid. The fluid's velocity achieved by the
impeller is transformed to pressure when the container limits the fluid's outward
motion.
● Baffles are required in this experiment to prevent the swirl in the mixing tank. The
majority of commonly used baffles are straight, flat metal plates that run along the
straight walls of a cylindrical tank that is vertically orientated. Rotating liquid has a
propensity to form a swirling flow pattern in an unbaffled tank. However, the
rotational speed that may be employed has a limit. Fluid will leak out of the container
if the rotating speed is exceeded.
 THEORY
● The impeller utilised the same power in laminar flow (NRe<10). The baffle may have
an adverse impact on the flow pattern. We could require a baffle to let the fluid flow
and cause axial deflection. When the tank is unbaffled in a transitional flow
(10<NRe<10,000), the circulation of the pattern will be obvious, but the vortex will
distort the pattern.
 Material
• Water APPARATUS
• Baffle
• Turbine impeller
• Flat impeller
• Chalk key
• Mixture tank
• Control panel
 PROCEDURE
General start-up:
1. The power switched on.
2. The tightening screws are fastened.
3. The experiment was carried out.

Experiment 1:
4. The tank is filled with water up to 30 litre.
5. Flat paddle is attached with the end of the shaft.
6. Flow pattern is observed and recorded.
7. The procedures are repeated by replacing flat paddle with turbine impeller.
8. The angular speed, force, torque and power consumed for each speed were calculated.
 PROCEDURE
General shut down:
1. The liquid inside the tank is removed through outlet valve.
2. The tank was washed and rinsed.
3. The impeller was removed, washed and placed at the right place after used it.
4. The power was turned off.
 RESULT
WATER WITHOUT BAFFLE
TYPE OF ANGULAR ANGULAR FORCE (N) TORQUE (N.m) POWER (W)
IMPELLER SPEED (rpm) SPEED
(rad/s) ,ω
TURBINE 100 10.472 0.818 0.09 0.942
IMPELLER
200 20.944 1.000 0.11 2.304
300 31.416 1.455 0.16 5.027
400 41.888 2.273 0.25 10.472
FLAT PADDLE 100 10.472 0.727 0.08 0.838
IMPELLER
200 20.944 1.091 0.12 2.513
300 31.416 1.182 0.13 4.084
400 41.888 1.545 0.17 7.121
 WATER WITH BAFFLE

TYPE OF ANGULAR ANGULAR FORCE (N) TORQUE (N.m) POWER (W)

IMPELLER SPEED (rpm) SPEED
(rad/s) ,ω
TURBINE 100 10.472 1.364 0.15 1.571
IMPELLER
200 20.944 2.818 0.31 6.493
300 31.416 4.636 0.51 16.022
400 41.888 5.000 0.55 23.038
FLAT PADDLE 100 10.472 1.182 0.13 1.361
IMPELLER
200 20.944 2.273 0.25 5.236
300 31.416 3.000 0.33 10.367
400 41.888 4.091 0.45 18.850
Line Charts
 SAMPLE CALCULATION
ANGULAR SPEED = 100 rpm (water without baffle)

TURBINE IMPELLER FLAT PADDLE IMPELLER

ANGULAR SPEED, ω = (100 rpm) x () ANGULAR SPEED, ω = (100 rpm) x ()
= 10.472 rad/s = 10.472 rad/s

FORCE (F) = torque ÷ radius FORCE (F) = torque ÷ radius

= 0.09 N.m/ 0.11 m = 0.08 N.m/ 0.11 m
= 0.818 N = 0.727 N

POWER (W) = torque x angular speed (ω) POWER (W) = torque x angular speed (ω)
= 0.09 m x 10.472 rad/s = 0.08 m x 10.472 rad/s
= 0.942 W = 0.838 W
ANGULAR SPEED = 100 rpm (water with baffle)

TURBINE IMPELLER FLAT PADDLE IMPELLER

ANGULAR SPEED, ω = (100 rpm) x () ANGULAR SPEED, ω = (100 rpm) x ()
= 10.472 rad/s = 10.472 rad/s

FORCE (F) = torque ÷ radius FORCE (F) = torque ÷ radius

= 0.15 N.m/ 0.11 m = 0.13 N.m/ 0.11 m
= 1.364 N = 1.182 N

POWER (W) = torque x angular speed (ω) POWER (W) = torque x angular speed (ω)
= 0.15 m x 10.472 rad/s = 0.13 m x 10.472 rad/s
= 1.571 W = 1.361 W
 DISCUSSION
• This experiment looked at the various flow patterns that may be produced by flat paddle impellers,
turbine impellers with and without baffles, and other types of impellers. In this experiment, multiple
types of impellers' water flow patterns are seen.

• With the aid of two separate impellers—one with and one without a baffle—four distinct flow
patterns are drawn.

• These impellers utilised a rotor to boost fluid pressure and flow while simultaneously serving as the
agitator for mixing the ingredients. The procedure for mixing the chemical involves agitation and
whirling. According to the observation, we are aware that the type of impeller being employed
affects the water flow pattern.

• We can see that combining two different types of impellers without the use of a baffle results in flow
patterns that are circular and rotational in motion. The creation of a deep vortex without the use of a
baffle was another discovery we made.

• By using a wider size of impeller (77mm x 50mm)it created a deeper whirlpool than smaller size of
impeller (63mm x 44mm).
 DISCUSSION
● Based on the observation, we know that the flow pattern of the water is depend on the type of impeller used.

● The same power, 4 V, has been used for this experiment. As a result, we can observe that when two types of
impellers are used without the use of baffles, circular patterns and rotational motion are formed.

● When a baffle was used, both a flat wide impeller and a flat tiny impeller generated an irregular flow pattern.

● The most effective impeller to employ is a broad flat impeller since it requires less power and has a baffle because it
can control the amount of vortex created. This is determined by comparing all the findings.
 CONCLUSION
● According to the information obtained, there is a difference between a tank with and without a baffle. When a baffle
is not there, fluid flows uniformly and in an inconsistent direction. In contrast, when a baffle is present, fluid flows
in a circular pattern and rotates.

● This demonstrates that even at low rotational speeds, open, non-scraping impellers favour gas dispersion, requiring
a very low amount of energy consumption. Additionally, it demonstrates how the impeller's surface area influences
how quickly it rotates.

● The wider impeller has the highest torque followed by the smaller impeller. This is why flat and wide impeller is
being used widely in industries because it not really slow and quite fast but do not consume much power.

● Industrial mixing is a crucial operation since the quality of the mix will determine the quality of the finished
product.

● When it comes to the industrial phase, the fluid mixing method needs to be designed and selected properly in order
to be successful and efficient. If fluid mixing is not done effectively, it will result in non-homogenous goods that
lack uniformity.
 RECOMMENDATIO
• Make sure that allNS
of the equipment are in a proper operating state and it is better to repair
and do some maintenance for the equipment that had been used so many times so that
the equipment can run properly without affecting the experiment.
• Make sure all the equipment are clean and dry to avoid any impurities from mixing with the
water used in this experiment since it can affect the result obtained.
• Make sure to seal the impeller at the end of the shaft properly so that it will not get off
during the experiment.
• The cover of the tank is also needed to be sealed to avoid it from shaking.
• When lifting the cover of the tank, make sure to lift it carefully as it is heavy to avoid it from
falling and damaged.
• Make sure the eyes are perpendicular to the scale of the tank when taking the reading to
avoid parallax error.
• Do not increase the speed too much to avoid the water in the tank to spill all over the
place.
• Make sure to wear a proper shoes to avoid from falling since it might be slippery.
APPENDIX

Figure 1: Fluid Mixing Apparatus

Figure 2: Fluid Mixing Apparatus Details
REFERENC
ES
[1]   Corner, D. (2021, January 24). Liquid–liquid mixing: Impeller design for liquid–liquid dispersion using
VisiMix RSD/Turbulent VisiMix - mixing simulation and mixing optimization solutions for Chemical
Processes. VisiMix. Retrieved December 3, 2022, from https://visimix.com/liquid-liquid-mixing/ 

[2]   Azam, M. T. (2019, January 15). Experimental investigation of fluid mixing process with newly
designed ... Retrieved December 2, 2022, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332178614_Experimental_Investigation_of_Fluid_Mixing_Proces
s_with_Newly_Designed_Conduit-Type_Mixer_and_Fin-Type_Mixer
 

[3]   Ian Torotwa. (2018, March 8). A Study of the Mixing Performance of Different Impeller Designs in
Stirred Vessels Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Retrieved December 2, 2022, from
 https://www.mdpi.com/2411-9660/2/1/10   
THANK
YOU