Lecture Participation Poll #2

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Lecture 2: Linux Shell & CSE 374: Intermediate

Programming Concepts and
Files Tools

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Administrivia
▪HW 1 will release Monday
▪Class webpage coming later today
▪Class discussion board available
▪Linux accounts will be available later this afternoon
- Username = uwnetid
- Password = tempPassword
▪Meet some of your TAs!
- Dixon
- Andres
- Tom
- Leah

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Bash Language
Bash acts as a language interpreter
- commands are subroutines with arguments
- bash interprets the arguments and calls subroutine
- bash has its own variables and logic

Bash Java
Interpreted Compiled
Esoteric variable access Highly structured & strongly typed
everything is a string Strings have library processing
easy access to files and programs Data structures and libraries
good for quick & interactive programs good for large complex programs

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Meet the Linux Shell
▪ Text based interface for Linux
operating system
▪ We will be using the “Bash” shell
- There are different versions, but for this
course we will only be using bash

▪Use echo $SHELL to check which

shell you are using
▪Bash in a unix shell and command
language that is the default login
shell for most Linux and MacOS
▪Interpreted, not compiled
- You’re on your own when things go
wrong
Local MacOS terminal connecting to remote Linux machine

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Commands in the Shell
▪The shell is a text-based interface that takes
commands instead of clicks
▪Commands are pre-existing programs
- <command name> <options> <input || output>

▪To learn about an individual command use

“man”
- <command name> man
- Short for “manual page”
- Can also use the --help option

echo man page

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Shell Interaction Basics
1. Open the terminal application on your local computer
2. Connect to Klaatu Linux server with
3. ssh <username>@klaatu.cs.washington.edu
4. Enter in your password, you will not see characters as you type

Basic Interactions:
▪You can use copy and paste with with your usual short cuts
▪You can navigate through your executed commands by using the up and down arrows
- Convenient way to rerun commands or to fix small errors in previous command

▪The history command will print the commands you’ve used this session to the terminal

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Running Programs
▪You can run a program by typing its path into the terminal
▪Some folders are globally visible, so you only need the program’s name
- /bin/ is globally visible because it is in the PATH shell variable

▪To run a program in the current directory you need to give the path
- ./local_program
- Running local_program by itself will not work because it’s not globally visible

▪All commands are bash files that are executed when you hit “enter” on a terminal line
- You can write and execute your own! More on that later

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Processes in the Shell
▪Programs running in the shell are called “processes”
- We refer to the code/instructions as the “program”
- We can run a given program many times, creating many processes
- Terminal can only run one process in the foreground at a time
- Use the ”&” special character to launch a process in the background
- EX: emacs &

▪Bash Shell has many built in programs

- Commands like cd and ls

▪Processes have Input and Outputs

- Inputs come in two main forms: arguments and stdin
- Arguments are strings separated by spaces given after the command
- EX: cp my/src dest/folder
- Arguments: “my/src” and “dest/folder”
- Arguments with spaces need to be wrapped in quotes EX: echo “hello world”
- Stdin or Standard Input is a stream that the user enters into the terminal
- Outputs can be stdout, stderr or a directed to an output file
- All redirections & string expansions or substitutions are done by the shell before the command

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Useful Commands
Command Operation Example
ls See folder contents ls -l
cd <folderName> Move into given folder cs Downloads
cp <source> <destination> Make a copy of given file in given destination cp file.txt myDir/
mv <oldName> <newname> Rename or move given existing file to given mv fil.txt file.txt
name/destination

cat <fileName> Print file contents to terminal window cat file.txt

touch <filename> Create empty file with given name touch file.txt
echo <string> Print given string to terminal window echo “hello world”
pwd Print working directory pwd
mkdir <directoryName> Create an empty directory at location specified mkdir ~/newDir
exit Exit the shell exit

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Other Useful Commands
Command Operation Example
pico <fileName> Create or edit files pico filename
echo <text> Print text echo hello world
pwd Print working directory’s absolute pwd
path
touch <filename> Create empty file touch filename
mkdir Create empty directory mkdir
find –name <filename> Search for file
exit Exit the shell

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 Linux Demo
Recorded Demo from 374 Sp 20 Instructor Megan Hazen CSE 374 AU 20 - KASEY CHAMPION 13
Files
▪A collection of data used for long term
storage
- Stored on a hard drive
- Hard drive is the physical portion of a computer that
stores large amounts of data sits outside the CPU

▪Files have… Finder GUI view of

- Name folder
- Unique string within the folder
- Type
- Indicated by the extension at the end of the name
- Content
- Data contained within the file
- Location
- Folder trail from drive to name
- “breadcrumb”
ls –l view of folder
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 Linux File Permissions
Permission Groups
▪ u – Owner
▪ g – Group
▪ o – Others
▪ a – All users
Permission Types
● r- read – a user’s ability to read the contents of the file.

● w - write – a user’s capability to write or modify a file or directory.

● x - execute – a user’s capability to execute a file or view the

contents of a directory.
reading ls -l
▪ _rw_rw_rw = owner, group and all users have read & write
permissions
▪ first character is either a - or a d : d means “directory”, “-” means file
chmod <group>+||-<permission> <file>
▪ chmod a-rw file1 : remove read and write permissions on
file1 for all users
▪ chmod a+rw file1 : add read and write permissions on file1
for all users

https://www.linux.com/training-tutorials/understanding-linux-file-permissions/ 15
 File System
▪Files contain other files, branching out from the
root “/” forming a tree-like hierarchy
▪Files are located with a path of folders separated
by “/” this is called the “file path”
▪Paths starting with “/” are called absolute paths
- Start searching from the root of the file system
- EX: /usr/documents/myFiles/myFile.txt

▪Paths that do NOT start with “/” are called

relative paths
- Starts searching from current directory
Tree diagram of file
- EX: myFiles/myFile.txt
structure
▪pwd command will print the current directory

https://homepages.uc.edu/~thomam/Intro_Unix_Text/File_System.html CSE 374 AU 20 - KASEY CHAMPION 16

Demo: File Manipulation
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 Questions?
Lecture Participation Poll #2

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