Windows programming

Willy-joël TCHANA
Software engineer : Software Architect
CEO of Over Soft Solution

1 @willytchana @osschannel +237 677 392 752

2 Agenda

 Prerequisites
 Basics of Csharp language
3 Prerequisites

 Computer Core i5, 8 Gb RAM recommended

 Windows OS 10 last update
 The dotnet Framework 4.8
 IDE Visual studio latest
 Platform programming language
 Prerequisites
4
Computer Core i5, 8 Gb RAM recommended
 Prerequisites
5 Computer Core i5, 8 Gb RAM recommended
 Prerequisites
6 Windows OS 10 last update

https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=799445
 Prerequisites
7 The dotnet Framework 4.8

 A Framework
 .Net Framework 4x
 .Net Core 3x
 .Net 5
 A runtime
8
Prerequisites
IDE Visual Studio latest

 VS Installer
 h
tps://visualstudio.microsoft.com/fr/thank-you-downloading-visual-studio/?sku
=Community&rel=16

 VS 2019 Community
 Outlook account
 Prerequisites
9
IDE Visual Studio latest: Visual studio installer
 Prerequisites
10
IDE Visual Studio latest: VS installer
 Prerequisites
11
IDE Visual Studio latest: VS 2019 community
 Prerequisites
12
IDE Visual Studio latest: VS 2019 with account
 Prerequisites
13 Platform programming language

 VB.NET
 C++
 F#
 C#
 All this language are oriented programming language
 Prerequisites
14 Platform programming language
 Basics of Csharp language
15
 Syntax
 Base data types
 Variable declaration
 Assignment
 Cast
 Input / Output (I/O)*
 Operators
 Conditional instructions
 Iterative instructions
 Arrays
 Functions
 Nullable types*
 Data structures
 Tuple & ValueTuple*
 Conventions
 Basics of Csharp language
16 Syntax

using System;
namespace MyCSharpProject
{
class Program
{
/*Like C program,
C# start with execution with main function
*/
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string message = "Hello World!!";
//Print to screen
Console.WriteLine(message);
}
}
}
 Basics of Csharp language
17 Base data types: Numbers
 Basics of Csharp language
18 Base data types: Strings

 char: 'a', '1', '+'

 string: "this is a string", "s"
 Special Characters
 \
 \n, \t, \r, etc.
 Escape Sequence : @
 Ex: @"xyzdefr\abc";
 String concatenation
 Ex: "Mr." + firstName + " " + lastName + ", Code: " + code;
 String Interpolation : $
 $"Mr. {firstName} {lastName}, Code: {code}";
 Basics of Csharp language
19 Base data types: Boolean

 bool: true, false

 Basics of Csharp language
20 Base data types: DateTime

 DateTime is not a C# data type, it’s a .Net

Framework type
 You need to import namespace System
 ISO Format: yyyy-MM-dd
 Basics of Csharp language
21 Base data types: enum

 An enum (or enumeration type) is used to assign constant names to a group of numeric integer values.
 An enum is defined using the enum keyword, directly inside a namespace, class, or structure
enum WeekDays
{
Monday, // 0
Tuesday, // 1
Wednesday, // 2
Thursday, // 3
Friday, // 4
Saturday, // 5
Sunday // 6
}
 Basics of Csharp language
22 Base data types: Assign values to enum members

enum Categories
{
Electronics, // 0
Food, // 1
Automotive = 6, // 6
Arts, // 7
BeautyCare, // 8
Fashion // 9
}
 Basics of Csharp language
23 Base data types: Access enum

Console.WriteLine(WeekDays.Monday); // Monday
Console.WriteLine(WeekDays.Tuesday); // Tuesday
Console.WriteLine(WeekDays.Wednesday); // Wednesday
Console.WriteLine(WeekDays.Thursday); // Thursday
Console.WriteLine(WeekDays.Friday); // Friday
Console.WriteLine(WeekDays.Saturday); // Saturday
Console.WriteLine(WeekDays.Sunday); // Sunday
 Basics of Csharp language
24 Variable declaration

 int num;
 float rate;
 decimal amount;
 char code;
 bool isValid;
 string name;
 DateTime date;
 Basics of Csharp language
25 Assignment

 num = 100;
 rate = 10.2f;
 amount = 100.50M;
 char code = 'C';
 bool isValid = true;
 string name = "Steve";
 DateTime date = new DateTime(2020, 12, 31);
 Basics of Csharp language
26 Assignment: var keyword

 var num = 100;

 var date = new DateTime(2020, 12, 31);
 Basics of Csharp language
27 Cast: number to number

 double price = (double)100;

 float price = (float)num;
 var num = (int) price;
 int day = (int)WeekDays.Friday;
 var wd = (WeekDays)5;
 Basics of Csharp language
28 Cast: number to string

 string text = price.ToString();

 var amount = price.ToString("N2")
 Basics of Csharp language
29 Cast: number to string

 string text = price.ToString();

 var amount = price.ToString("N2");
 string today = date.ToString("dd/MM/yyyy");
 Basics of Csharp language
30 Cast: string to number

 int num = int.Parse("100");

 int num = int.Parse("100 0"); //Compiling error
 int num;
 bool canParse = int.TryParse("100 0", out num);
 bool canParse = int.TryParse("100,0", out num); //Compiling error if your
system is in English
 WeekDays wd = (WeekDays)Enum.Parse(typeof(WeekDays), "Wenesday");
 WeekDays wd;
 bool canParse = Enum.TryParse("Wenesday", out wd);
 bool.Parse(string);
 double.Parse(string);
 DateTime.Parse(string);
 Etc.
 Basics of Csharp language
31
Input / Output

 int Console.Read();
 string Console.ReadLine();
 ConsoleKeyInfo Console.ReadKey();

 void Console.Write(string);
 void Console.Write(string, object[]);
 void Console.WriteLine(string);
 void Console.WriteLine(string, object[]);
 Basics of Csharp language
32
Input / Output: Read example
static void Main(string[] args)
{
char ch;
do
{
int x = Console.Read();
ch = (char)x;
Console.WriteLine($"{ch} ASCII is {x}");
}
while (!char.IsWhiteSpace(ch));
}
 Basics of Csharp language
33
Input / Output: ReadLine example

static void Main(string[] args)

{
Console.Write("How old are you ?: ");
string text = Console.ReadLine();
int age = int.Parse(text);
}
 Basics of Csharp language
34
Input / Output: ReadKey example
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ConsoleKeyInfo key;
string code = string.Empty;
do
{
key = Console.ReadKey(true); //true means don’t display the pressed key

Console.Write("*");
code += key.KeyChar;
}
while (key.Key != ConsoleKey.Enter);
Console.WriteLine(code);
}
 Basics of Csharp language
35 operators

 Same to C language
 Basics of Csharp language
Conditional instructions
36

 Same to C language
 Basics of Csharp language
Iterative instructions
37

 Same to C language
foreach(int a in myArray)
{
Console.WriteLine(a.ToString());
}
 Basics of Csharp language
Arrays: one dimension
38

 int[] evenNums;
 string[] cities;
 int[] evenNums = new int[5] { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 };
 string[] cities = new string[3] { "Mumbai", "London", "New York" };
 var evenNums = new int[] { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 };
 var cities = new string[] { "Mumbai", "London", "New York" };
 int[] evenNums = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 };
 string[] cities = { "Mumbai", "London", "New York" };
 Basics of Csharp language
Arrays: invalid arrays
39

 int[] evenNums = new int[]; //Syntax error

 int[] evenNums = new int[5] { 2, 4 }; //Syntax error
 var evenNums = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 }; //Syntax error
 Basics of Csharp language
Arrays: Late initialization
40

 int[] evenNums;
 evenNums = new int[5];
 evenNums = new int[] { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 };
 Basics of Csharp language
Arrays: Access array elements
41

 int[] evenNums = new int[5];

 evenNums[0] = 2;
 evenNums[1] = 4;
 evenNums[6] = 12; //Throws run-time exception IndexOutOfRange
 Console.WriteLine(evenNums[0]);
 Console.WriteLine(evenNums[1]);
 Basics of Csharp language
Arrays: Access array elements
42

int[] evenNums = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 };

for (int i = 0; i < evenNums.Length; i++)

Console.WriteLine(evenNums[i]);

for (int i = 0; i < evenNums.Length; i++)

evenNums[i] = evenNums[i] + 10;
 Basics of Csharp language
Arrays: Access array with foreach
43

int[] evenNums = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 };
string[] cities = { "Mumbai", "London", "New York" };

foreach (var item in evenNums)

Console.WriteLine(item);

foreach (var city in cities)

Console.WriteLine(city);
 Basics of Csharp language
44
Arrays: multidimensional arrays
 int[,] arr2d;
 int[,,] arr3d;
 int[,,,] arr4d;
 int[,,,,] arr5d;
 Basics of Csharp language
45
Arrays: multidimensional arrays
int[,,] arr3d1 = new int[1, 2, 2]{ { {1, 2}, {3, 4} } };

int[,,,] arr4d2 = new int[1, 2, 2, 2]{ { { {1, 2}, {3, 4} }, { {5, 6}, {7, 8} } } };
 Basics of Csharp language
46
Arrays: access multidimensional arrays
arr2d[1, 0];
//return 3

arr3d2[1, 0, 1];
// returns 6

arr4d2[0, 1, 1, 0];
// returns 7
 Basics of Csharp language
47
Arrays: Jagged Arrays or Array of Array
 int[][] jArray1 = new int[2][];
 int[][,] jArray2 = new int[3][,];

 int[][] jArray = new int[2][];

 jArray[0] = new int[3]{1, 2, 3};
 jArray[1] = new int[4]{4, 5, 6, 7 };
 Basics of Csharp language
48
Arrays: Jagged Arrays or Array of Array
int[][] jArray = new int[2][]
{
new int[3]{1, 2, 3},
new int[4]{4, 5, 6, 7}
};

for(int i = 0; i < jArray.Length; i++)

{
for(int j = 0; j < (jArray[i]).Length; j++)
Console.WriteLine(jArray[i][j]);
}
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions
49

 Same to C language
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Optional parameters
50

 double Total(double price, int quantity = 1);

 double Total(double price, int quantity = 1, float tax = 0.1925);
 double Total(double price, int quantity = 1, float tax); //Syntax error

 var result = Total(100);

 var result = Total(100, 2);
 var result = Total(100, 3, 1.3);
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Reference parameters
51

static void Main(string[] args)

{
float tax = 0.1925f;
Total(200, 14, ref tax);
Console.WriteLine($"Tax = {tax}");
}

static double Total(double price, int quantity, ref float tax)

{
if (quantity > 10)
tax *= 2;
var subTotal = price * quantity;
return subTotal + (subTotal * tax);
}
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Function and array
52

public static void Main()

{
int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
UpdateArray(nums);
foreach (var item in nums)
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
public static void UpdateArray(int[] arr)
{
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
arr[i] = arr[i] + 10;
}
Array is a reference type
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Output parameters
53

static void Main(string[] args)

{
float tax; //don't need to initialize output parameter
var total = Total(200, 14, out tax);
Console.WriteLine("Total = {0}, Tax = {1}", total, tax);
}
static double Total(double price, int quantity, out float tax)
{
tax = 0.1925f; //need to initialize output parameter inside the function
switch(quantity)
{
case int n when (n > 10):
tax *= 2;
break;
case int n when (n > 2):
tax *= 1;
break;
default:
tax = default;
break;
}
var subTotal = price * quantity;
return subTotal + (subTotal * tax);
}
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: params keyword parameters
54

static void Main(string[] args)

{
//float[] marks = { 8, 9, 8.5f };
//float total = TotalMarks(marks);
float total = TotalMarks(8, 9, 8.5f);
}

public static float TotalMarks(params float[] marks)

{
float total = 0;
foreach (var mark in marks)
total += mark;
return total;
}
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Overloading
55

 Same name but different parameters in type or/and number

 double Total(double price);

 double Total(double price, int quantity);
 double Total(double price, int quantity, float tax);

 Total(100);
 Total(100, 2);
 Total(100, 2, 0.1925);
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Delegate
56

 A delegate is a function type

 How pass function as an parameter to another function ?
 Why and when to use it ?
 JavaScript do it fine and very simply
 Java doesn’t support delegate
 class Program
{
public static void PrintMarks(float[] marks)
57 {
foreach (var mark in marks)
Console.Write(mark + "\t");
}
public static void Printprice(float[] prices)
{
foreach (var mark in prices)
Console.WriteLine(mark.ToString("C0"));
}
public delegate void PrintFloatArray(float[] a);
public static void Print(PrintFloatArray function)
{
float[] data = { 1000, 200.50f, 14999.99f };
function(data);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Print(Printprice);
}
}
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Action<> & Func<> delegate
58

 There are generic delegate

 Action<> for void methods
 Func<> for returned methods
 Ex: Action<string, int> myFunction;
 Represent a void function with two parameters: first one is a string
and second one is an integer.
 Ex: Action MyFunction;
 Represent a void function without parameter.
 Ex: Func<string, int> MyFunction;
 Represent a function with one parameter string type, and return an
integer.
 Ex: Func<string> MyFunction
 Represent a function without parameter, and that return a string.
 class Program
{
public static void PrintMarks(float[] marks)
59
{
foreach (var mark in marks)
Console.Write(mark + "\t");
}
public static void Printprice(float[] prices)
{
foreach (var mark in prices)
Console.WriteLine(mark.ToString("C0"));
}
public static void Print(Action<float[]> function)
{
float[] data = { 1000, 200.50f, 14999.99f };
function(data);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Print(Printprice);
}
}
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Anonymous function
60

 A function without a name

 The reuse occurrence of this function is one (1)
 We use delegate to create an anonymous function
 class Program
{
public static void Printprice(float[] prices)
61 {
foreach (var mark in prices)
Console.WriteLine(mark.ToString("C0"));
}
public static void Print(Action<float[]> function)
{
float[] data = { 1000, 200.50f, 14999.99f };
function(data);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Print
(
delegate (float[] marks)
{
foreach (var mark in marks)
Console.Write(mark + "\t");
}
);
}
}
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Lambda expressions
62

 Symbol: =>
 syntax: (parameters) => expression; (parameters) => { //code }
 Use to write function with just one line
 Ex: int Increment(int a) => ++a;
 Ex: void Print(double price) => Console.WriteLine(price.ToString("C0"));
 Use to simplify anonymous functions
Print
(
(marks) =>
{
foreach (var mark in marks)
Console.Write(mark + "\t");
}
);
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Predicate delegate
63

 Represents a method containing a set of criteria and checks whether the

passed parameter meets those criteria.
 A predicate delegate methods must take one input parameter and return boolean
static bool IsUpperCase(string str)
{
return str.Equals(str.ToUpper());
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Predicate<string> isUpper = IsUpperCase;
bool result = isUpper("hello world!!");
Console.WriteLine(result);
}
 Basics of Csharp language
Functions: Predicate delegate
64

static void Main(string[] args)

{
Predicate<string> isUpper = delegate (string s)
{
return s.Equals(s.ToUpper());
};
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Predicate<string> isUpper = s => s.Equals(s.ToUpper());
bool result = isUpper("hello world!!");
}
 FIN
65

Questions