TOPIC 1
PRIMARY
INSTITUTIONS
MDM MAIZATUL FARANAZ BT MD ASIF
UPTM
WHAT IS
SOCIAL
INSTITUTION?
A group or organization that has specific roles,
norms, and expectations, which functions to meet
to social needs of society.
The family, government, religion, education, and
media are all examples of social institutions.
For an example, family:
● Provide framework for child-rearing
● Encourage socialisation
● Provide emotional supports to its members
A social institution is an established practice, tradition, behavior, or system of roles and
relationships that is considered a normative structure or arrangement within a society.
● Bogardus – “A social institution is a structure of society that is organized to meet
the needs of people chiefly through well established procedures.”
● H. E. Barnes – “Social institutions are the social structure & machinery through
which human society organizes, directs & executes the multifarious activities
required to society for human need.”
Social institutions have several key characteristics:
1. They are enduring and stable.
2. They serve a purpose, ideally providing better chances for human survival and flourishing.
3. They have roles that need to be filled.
4. Governing the behavior and expectations of sets of individuals within a given community.
5. The rules that govern them are usually ingrained in the basic cultural values of a society, as
each institution consists of a complex cluster of social norms.
PRIMARY
INSTITUTIONS
A.
1. FAMILY
It is considered a “building block” of society because it is the
primary unit through which socialization occurs.
The family socializes its members by teaching them values,
B. beliefs, and norms.
provides emotional support and economic stability. In some cases, the
C. family may even act as a caretaker if one of its members is sick or
disabled
individuals avoid disgracing the family or breaking the family
D. norms.
2.ECONOMY
It is responsible for the production and distribution
of goods and services. It is also responsible for
the exchange of money and other resources.
primary sector includes all industries that are concerned with
extraction and production of natural resources, such as
culture, forestry, fishing, and mining.
secondary sector includes all industries that are concerned
h the processing of raw materials into finished products, such
manufacturing and construction.
tertiary sector includes all industries that provide services to
viduals and businesses, such as education, healthcare, and
ism (Little & McGivern, 2016).
3. RELIGION
It is an organized system of beliefs and practices
designed to fill the human need for meaning and
purpose (Durkheim, 1915).
RELIGION
● To instill moral values and socialize individuals into a
community. Religion plays a significant role in shaping the
way people view themselves and the world around them.
● It can provide comfort and security to those in need.
● Provide a basis for community support, establishing
institutions of their own such as hospitals and schools.
● As a form of political control or as a source of conflict.
4. EDUCATION
● E. Durkheim – “education can be conceived as the socialization of the
younger generation. It is a continuous effort to impose on the child
ways of seeing, feeling and acting which he could not arrived at
spontaneously.”
● John J. Macionis – “Education is the social institution through which
society provides its members with important knowledge, including
basic facts, jobs, skills & cultural norms & values .”
EDUCATION
● Helps to socialize children and young adults by teaching them the
norms, values, and beliefs of their culture.
● It also transmits cultural heritage from one generation to the next.
● Education also provides people with the skills and knowledge they
need to function in society.
● Education may also help to reduce crime rates by providing people
with alternatives to criminal activity.
5. STATE OR
GOVERNMENT
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GOVERNMENT
● Responsible for maintaining order, protecting citizens from harm, and
providing for the common good.
● The government does this through various sub-institutions and agencies,
such as the police, the military, and the courts.
● These legal institutions regulate society and prevent crime by enforcing law
and policy.
● The government also provides social services, such as education and
healthcare, ensuring the general welfare of a country or region”s citizens
(Little & McGivern, 2016).
In groups, discuss the following questions:
1. Identify a social institution in which you are
currently involved. Discuss ways in which this
institution is functional for society.
2. What are some conclusions one can draw from
the fact that there is a growing single population?
THANK
YOU
