WK 1 Introduction and Definition of Derivatives

Week 1:
Introduction and Definition

of DERIVATIVES
Learning Outline
1. Define derivatives
2. Recall: secant line and tangent line
3. Differentiate functions using the limit principle of
derivatives
A secant line is a linear
approximate of a
function between 2
points.
The slope of a secant line

represents the average of
the function between two
points (rate of change).
Let say you take a ride from
Farmers Cubao going to SM Val.
You travel 15 kilometers in 3
hours. What would your average
speed be?
distance
s= ==
s=
s = 5 kph
hours
The slope of the red line
represents the average rate
of change or in this case
average speed.
(3,15)
distance
m=
=
m = 5kph
slope of the secant line
(0,0) hours
A tangent line to a curve is a
line that just touches a curve
at a given point.
P A linear approximation to the

curve at a given point. It
(x1, y1) represents the instantaneous
rate of change of the
function at a given point.
Secant line
Q
(x+∆x, f(x +∆x)) How can we find the slope

of a tangent line if we only
know one point on the line?
P
(x, f(x))
x x+∆x
Secant line
Start by getting the slope of
Q a secant line by taking two
(x+∆x, f(x +∆x)) points.
(x2, y2)
P m=
(x, f(x)) m=
(x1, y1)
x x+∆x m=
(this is called difference quotient)
Q Slope of a secant line:
m=
as approaches 0 the slope of the
secant line approaches the slope
P of the tangent line
(x1, y1)
We found out that,
slope of a tangent line:
m=
P
(x1, y1)
Definition of DERIVATIVES
*For a function y = f(x), its derivative at x is the function

f’(x) defined by:
f’(x) = provided the limit exists.
If f’(x) exists, then we say that f is differentiable at x.
DEFINITION OF Pertaining to values that
DERIVATIVES
approach zero as a limit
(very small)
• Derivative of function is the ratio of the difference of function

value f(x) at points and with when is infinitesimally small.
′ 𝒇 ( 𝒙+∆ 𝒙) − 𝒇 (𝒙)
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= 𝐥𝐢𝐦
∆ 𝒙 →𝟎 ∆𝒙
f’(x) is often read as “ f prime of x”
 Derivative is the function slope or slope of the tangent line at

point x.
SYMBOLS Examples
f’ f’(x) “read as f prime of x”
.y’ Commonly
. . “dee over dx” used
notations of
Dx Dx f(x) or Dx (y)
derivatives
“read as derivative of y with respect to x”
Leibniz notation
Terminologies:
*Differential Calculus – it is a branch of *Integral Calculus – the reversed

calculus that studies the rates at which process of differential calculus
quantities change.
Integral – to find the original
Differentiate – to find the derivative of
the function
function
Differentiation – the process of getting Integration or Antidifferentiation

the derivatives – the reverse process of
differentiation
STEPS
1. Plug the function into the definition of

the derivative. Find the
2. Substitute + x for all values of x in the derivativ
function and subtract the given f(x)
f’(x) =
e
3. Divide the answer of step 2 with
4. Taking the limit as approaches zero.
EXAMPLES
1. Find the derivative of y = 3x + 12 STEPS
1. Plug the function into the
f(x) = 3x + 12 definition of the derivative.
f’(x) = f(+ ) – f(x) 2. Substitute + x for all values

of x in the function and
f’(x) = 3(+ ) + 12 – (3x+12) subtract the given f(x)
3. Divide the answer of step 2

f’(x) = 3+ 3 + 12 – 3x - 12 with
f’(x) = 3 4. Taking the limit as
approaches zero.
f’(x) =
=3
f’(x) =
=3
EXAMPLES
2. Find the derivative of y = 2x2 + 3x + 5 STEPS
f(x) = 2x2 + 3x + 5 1. Plug the function into the
definition of the derivative.
f’(x) = f(x ) – f(x)
2. Substitute + x for all values
f’(x) = 2(+)2 + 3 ) + 5 – (2x2 + 3x + 5) of x in the function and
subtract the given f(x)
f’(x) = 2(2+) + + 3 + 5 – 2x2 - 3x - 5
f’(x) = 2 + + 3 + 5 – 2x2 - 3x - 5 with
4. Taking the limit as
f’(x) = 2 + = (4+ 2x +
approaches zero.
f’(x) = =
=. =
f’(x) =
= 4x + 3
EXAMPLES
STEPS
3. Find the derivative of y = 3x2 + 2x + 1 1. Plug the function into the
definition of the derivative.
Answer: 6x + 2
2. Substitute + x for all values
of x in the function and
subtract the given f(x)
4. Find the derivative of y =
Answer: - with
4. Taking the limit as
approaches zero.
f’(x) =
Given: f’(x) =
Challenge Question!
Answer:
END SESSION
OF
SYNCHRONOUS LEARNING

WK 1 Introduction and Definition of Derivatives

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

WK 1 Introduction and Definition of Derivatives

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

WK 1 Introduction and Definition of Derivatives

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Week 1:

Introduction and Definition

The slope of a secant line

P A linear approximation to the

(x+∆x, f(x +∆x)) How can we find the slope

*For a function y = f(x), its derivative at x is the function

• Derivative of function is the ratio of the difference of function

 Derivative is the function slope or slope of the tangent line at

Differential Calculus – it is a branch of Integral Calculus – the reversed

Differentiation – the process of getting Integration or Antidifferentiation

1. Plug the function into the definition of

f’(x) = f(+ ) – f(x) 2. Substitute + x for all values

3. Divide the answer of step 2

You might also like