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Minimum Requirements
Hardware:
 NIC – Network Interface Card
 Communication Medium
-CABLE
 Networking Devices
-HUB
-SWITCH

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 Minimum Requirements
Hardware:

 Wireless NIC

 Networking Devices
-Access Point

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 Minimum Requirements
Software:

 Operating System Platform -

MS, NOVELL, LINUX etc.,
 NIC drivers
 PROTOCOL

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Network Adapter

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 Network Adapter
Chipset Boot-Rom Socket

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RJ 45 Socket

RJ 45 Jack Indication for

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LINK/ACT 7
Wireless Network adapter (USB)

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 Types of Network Interface Cards

 Arc net card – 2mbps

 Ethernet card – 10 mbps
 Fast-Ethernet card – 10/100 mbps
 Gigabit Network card – 10/100/1000
mbps

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Some familiar Brands

 COMPEX
 DAX

 D-Link

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Communication Medium

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 CABLES
1.Co-axial
Types:
1.Thinnet
-10base2
-185mts
2.Thicknet
-10base5

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-500mts 12
CABLES-UTP-Unshielded Twisted Pair

Types:
1.CAT 3 – 10Mbps
2.CAT 5 – 100Mbps
3.CAT 5e & 6- 1000Mbps
Colors:
1.Orange 5.Blue
2.Orange-White 6.Blue-White
3.Brown 7.Green
4.Brown-White 8.Green-White
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CABLES-Optical Fiber

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Networking Devices
HUB

An Ethernet HUB is a
device for connecting
multiple COMPUTERS
together through
twisted pair

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Networking Devices
SWITCH
 SWITCH is a
device similar to a
hub that enables
the connection of
multiple
computers.

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 Hub Vs Switch
HUB
*Shares the total bandwidth of the network.
*10 hosts in a 10Mbps LAN will have 1Mbps only
*When a hub receives a data packet, it broadcasts it to
all the ports.
*The pc to which the data packet has been addressed
will receive the packet

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 HUB Vs SWITCH
SWITCH
*Each and every pc will have full bandwidth
*10 hosts in a 10Mbps LAN will have 10Mbps.
*When a switch port receives data packets, it
forwards those packets only to the appropriate
port

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 Topology
 The shape of a network.

 The map or plan of the network.

 The physical layout of a network

including all devices and cables

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 Bus Topology

All devices are connected to a

central cable, called the bus or
backbone.

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 BUS-Topology

Co-axial

Terminator ‘T’-connector

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 Co-axial cable is used
 Type 1.Thinnet (185 mts)
2.Thicknet (500 mts)
 Maximum No: of hosts = 255 only

 ‘Terminator’ (50 ohms resistance) is

used to terminate the cable ends.

 ‘T’ connector is used to tap the pc

from the cable

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 Ring Topology

All devices are connected to one

another in the shape of a closed
loop, so that each device is
connected directly to two other
devices, one on either side of it.

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Ring-Topology

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 STAR TOPOLOGY

All devices are connected to a

central hub. Nodes communicate
across the network by passing data
through the hub.

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Star-Topology

Hub/Switch

UTP

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 UTP cable is used
 Maximum distance between a PC

and HUB or SWITCH should be 100

meters.
 Maximum distance from PC to PC

should be 25 Meters.
 Number of Hosts depends on the

available ports in a HUB or

SWITCH.
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 Mesh Topology

Devices are connected with

many redundant interconnections
between network nodes. In a true
mesh topology every node has a
connection to every other node in
the network

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Mesh-Topology

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CRIMPING

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 1.Straight Through
1 orange white orange white
2 orange orange
3 green-white green white
4 blue blue
5 blue-white blue white
6 green green
7 brown white brown white
8 brown brown

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 CRIMPING
1.Straight Through (T-568A ---- T-568A)
1 orange white
2 orange
3 green-white
4 blue
5 blue-white
6 green
7 brown white
8 brown

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 CRIMPING
1.Straight Through (T-568B ----- T-568B)
1 green white
2 green
3 orange white
4 blue
5 blue white
6 orange
7 brown white
8 brown

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2.Cross-over
To create a cross-over cable, you'll wire T-
568A on one end and T-568B on the other
end of the cable.

T-568A ------------ T-568B

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 2.Cross-over
1 orange white green white
2 orange green
3 green-white orange white
4 blue blue
5 blue-white blue white
6 green orange
7 brown white brown white
8 brown brown

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ciicp-Hardware & Networking Team 36