C O M P U T E R A P P L I C AT I O N S I N

ECONOMICS- UNIT – I - INTRODUCTION

Dr.M.Madhavan
Associate Professor of Economics
Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

SYLLABUS-
UNIT- I
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

• Introduction to Computers – Classification of

Digital Computer Systems – Anatomy of
a Digital Computer - Generations of Computers –
Memory Units – Input Devices –
Output Devices – Auxiliary Storage Devices.
Computer Hardware and Software –
Programming Languages: Machine Languages-
Assembly level languages and high
level languages. Operating Systems.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
• A computer system has three main components:
• hardware, software, and people.
• The equipment associated with a computer system is called
hardware.
• Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what
to do.
• People, however, are the most important component of a
computer system - people use the power of the computer for
some purpose.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

Memory Units
Input Device
Output Device
TOPICS Classification of Digital Computer

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

MEMORY
MEANING

•Memory consists of four types of memory chips RAM, ROM, CMOS and flash.
RAM stand for random access memory and

•ROM stand for read only memory.

these are also called primary memory of a computer.

•CMOS Stand for Complementary Metal – Oxide – Semiconductor

•Flash Memory is an electronic non-volatile Computer Memory storage medium

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

INPUT AND
OUTPUT

•For instance, a keyboard or computer mouse is an input device for a

computer, while monitors and printers are output devices.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
•Devices for communication between computers, such as modems and
network cards, typically perform both input and output operations.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

AUXILIARY
STORAGE
• The best example of auxiliary storage is hard disk drives and
optical storage media like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray. Other
auxiliary storage belongs to the peripheral devices category as
well, such as flash drives and any type of memory card.

• Hardware is a physical parts computer that cause processing

of data.

• Software is a set of instruction that tells a computer exactly

what to do.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE

• A programming language is a vocabulary and set of

grammatical rules for instructing a computer or
computing device to perform specific tasks.
• The term programming language usually refers to high-
level languages, such as BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, Java,
FORTRAN, Ada, and Pascal.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

•Machine language is a language

that has a binary form. It can be
directly executed bya computer.
MACHINE While an assembly language is a

LANGUAGE low-level programming language that

requires software called an assembler
to convert it into machine code.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

HIGH-LEVEL
LANGUAGE (HLL)
•A high-level language (HLL) is a programming language such
as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write
programs that are more or less independent of a particular type
of computer. Such languages are considered high-level because
they are closer to human languages and further from machine
languages.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

O P E R AT I N G
SYSTEM (OS)
•An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer
hardware, software resources, and provides common services for
computer programs. ...
•The dominant desktop operating system is Microsoft Windows with a
market share of around 82.74%

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

C L A S S I F I C AT I O N O F D I G I TA L COMPUTER

• Micro Computer
• Mini Computer
• Mainframe Computer
• Super Computer

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

MICRO COMPUTER

•Micro Computer are small low cast and single user digital computers. It is a device with
microprocessor, Input unit ,storage unit and CPU(Central Processing Unit).
•Microcomputer Computer formerly a commonly used term for Personal Computers
particularly any of class of any small digital
computers. Its CPU contained on a single integrated semi conductor chip.
•IBM PC based on Pentium microprocessor and Apple Macintosh are some Examples of
microcomputers. Microcomputers include desktop computers, notebook computers or
laptop, tablet computer, handheld computer, smartphones and notebook.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

TYPES OF MICRO COMPUTERS

A) Desktop Computer or Personal Computer(PC)

B) Notebook Computers or Laptop
C) Netbook.
D) Tablet:
E) Handheld Computer or Personal Digital Assistant(PDA)
F) Smart Phones

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

A) DESKTOP
COMPUTER OR
PERSONAL
COMPUTER(PC)
•-It is the most type of microcomputer.A desktop computer is a personal
computer designed for regular use at a single location on or near a desk
or table due to its size and power requirements.It is not very expensive
and is suited t the needs of a single user at home,small business units,and
organization.
•
Examples:Apple,Microsoft,Dell,and Lenovo ,Sony,HP,etc are some of
the PC manufactures.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

B) NOTEBOOK
COMPUTERS OR
LAPTOP
•A laptop is a small, portable computer and have all the features
of a desktop computer. The advantage of the laptop is that it is
small in size, so it can be carried anywhere. Notebook computers
use a variety of techniques, known as flat-panel technologies, to
produce a lightweight and non-bulky display screen. Laptops
Computers are costlier than the desktop computers.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

C) NETBOOK

•These are smaller notebooks optimized for low weight and low
cost, and are designed for accessing web-based applications.

•Netbooks deliver the performance needed to enjoy popular

activities like streaming videos or music, e-mailing, web surfing or
instant messaging.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

D ) TA B L E T
•A tablet is a wireless, portable personal computer with a
touchscreen interface. The tablet form factor is typically smaller
than a notebook computer, but larger than a smartphone.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

•It is a small computer that can be

held on the top of the palm. It is
E) HANDHELD
COMPUTER OR small in size.
PERSONAL •PDA uses a pen or a stylus for
DIGITAL
ASSISTANT(PDA) input, instead of the keyboard. They
have a limited memory and are less
potful. PDAs can be connected to
the internet via wireless connection.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

F) SMART PHONES
•A smartphone is a mobile phone with highly advanced features. A typical
smartphone has a high-resolution touch screen
display, WiFi connectivity, Web browsing capabilities, and the ability to accept
sophisticated applications.
•The majority of these devices run on any of these popular mobile operating
systems:
• Android,
• Symbian,
• iOS,
• BlackBerry OS and
• Windows Mobile.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

MINI COMPUTER
•These perform multi-tasking and allow terminals to be connected to their services. the
ability to connect minicomputers to each other and
mainframes has popularized them among larger businesses.

•This use is being challenged by the development in the microcomputer range and the
practice of starting resources of microcomputer under a network.

•Minicomputer are still recognized as being able to process large amounts of data.

•
Types of minicomputer
The types of minicomputer are- tablet PC, Desktop minicomputers, cell
phones, notebooks, high-end mP3 players, etc.
Examples:- IBM's AS/400e

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

MAINFRAME
COMPUTER
•
Main frame computers generally require
special attention and are kept in a
controlled atmosphere.

•They are multi-tasking and generally

used in areas where large database are
maintained example as government
agency or
airline industry.
Examples:- IBM LinuxONE

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

SUPER COMPUTER:
•Super Computers operate very fast and have multiple processors. Ther are
very few of these machines in existence due to their cost.

•This type of computer has been developed for scientific applications

usually involving complex arithmetic and mathematical operations. One
such use is in weather forecasting.

•A supercomputer is a type of computer that has the architecture, resources

and components to achieve massive computing power. Although advances
like multi-core processors and GPGPUs (general-purpose graphics processing units)
have enabled powerful machines for personal use (see: desktop supercomputer, GPU
supercomputer), by definition, a supercomputer is exceptional in terms of performance.

•China has owned the fastest supercomputer in the world. “Fast” is defined
by the number of petaflops the computer system can perform. A petaflop
is one thousand teraflops, or one quadrillion floating point operations per
second.

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Dr.M.Madhavan, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal

THANK YOU
•Dr. M. Madhavan

•[email protected], www.aagacnkl.edu.in

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

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