TEAM MEMBERS

NOOR HAFILAH BINTI MOHD HASSAN SYARIFAH SOLEHAN SYED NOAH MOHD AZRIN AZLY BIN ABU HASSAN NURSYAHIRAN BINTI MOHD YUSOF
2020445346 2020685068 2020674076 2020271366
OBJECTIVES
01 DEFINITION

CLASSIFICATIO
02 N

03 ETIOLOGY

SIGNS AND
04 SYMPTOMS
OBJECTIVES PATHOPHYSIOL
05 OGY

06 PREVENTION

MANAGEMENT
07 & NURSING
DIAGNOSIS
HEALTH
08 EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION
Generally intellectual impairment
resulting from genetic, neurological,
nutritional, social, traumatic or other
factors occurring prior to birth, at
birth, or during childhood up to the
age of brain maturity, that affect
intellectual development
 Definition
Intellectual Impairment is a term describing limitations to a person's ability to
learn at an expected level and function in daily life

Intellectual Impairment also referred as Mental Retardation in other countries

Intellectual Impairment involves problems with general mental abilities that

affect functioning in two areas:
● Intellectual functioning (such as learning, problem solving, judgement)
● Adaptive functioning (activities of daily life such a communication and
independent living)
 PREVALENCE

People with Intellectual

Impairment are at higher risk
of dementia than the general
population
 Classification of Intellectual
Impairment
Intellectual Impairment is divided by 4.
Based on Intellectual Quotient (iQ) and degree of social adjustment.

MILD MODERATE SEVERE PROFOUND

IQ 50-69 IQ 35-49 IQ 20-34 IQ <20
MILD
● Taking longer to learn to talk, but communicating
well once they know
● Having problems with reading and writing
● Social Immaturity
● Increased difficulty with responsibility of marriage
or parenting
Moderate
● Slow in understanding and using language
● Difficulties in communication
● Can learn basic reading, writing and counting skills
● Unable to live alone
● Often get around on their own to familiar places
● Can take part in various types of social activities
Severe
● Noticeable motor impairment
● Severe damage or abnormal development of their central
nervous system
Profound
● Inability to understand or comply with requests or
instructions
● Possible immobility
● Basic nonverbal communication
● Inability to care for their own needs independently
● Need of constant help and supervision
CAUSES Infections:
-Meningitis
-Whooping cough
- Measles
- Severe head injury
Down Syndrome - Exposure to toxic In 2/3 of ID cause is
Fragile X syndrome unknown
ILLNESS or
GENETIC INJURY Unknown Causes
CONDITIONS
01 03 05

02 04
PROBLEM DURING
PROBLEMS DURING PREGNANCY CHILDBIRTH
Interfere with fetal brain development - Baby deprive of oxygen during
- Alcohol or drug use childbirth
- Malnutrition - - Premature born
- Certain infections
- Preeclampsia
 Signs and Symptoms

● Progressive deficit of memory

● Progressive loss of functional skills
● Behavioral disturbance ,mood disorders and psychotic problems---
arise and disappear
● Very early signs of memory loss and diminished activity are subtle,
often overlap with normality.
 Pathophysiology
● Intellectual impairment is not caused by any one disease or
condition, nor is it limited to a specific age group.

● Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias in addition to conditions

such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and developmental
disabilities, can cause intellectual impairment
 Prevention

● Mental stimulation: reading, playing boards game and playing

musical instrumental
● Stay Social active: activate self in NGO group, support group,
join a club or social group
● Regular physical exercise
● Quality sleep : flushing out toxins in the brain
● Stress management : schedule relaxation activities
● Healthy diet : reducing the risk of diseases
contribute intellectual impairment such
hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, high cholesterol
● Vascular health :
○ can be crucial in protecting of brain and lowering
risk
○ Control blood pressure and cholesterol level
○ Stop smoking
 ASSESSMENT & DIAGNOSIS

Speech therapy

Physical therapy Talk therapy

Emotional
Intelligence
Training
 MANAGEMENT
Occupational
therapy Speech therapy

Physical therapy Talk therapy

Emotional
Intelligence
Training
 HEALTH EDUCATION
Encourage physical activity

Healthy diet

Seek support from other

Be positive person

Connect with other caregiver

Learn the specific about the elderly

● Nursing diagnosis: Impaired verbal
communication

● Objective: Patient able to

communicate according to their ability
 NURSING INTERVENTION RATIONALE
Learn patient needs and pay attention to The nurse should set aside enough time to attend
nonverbal cues. to all of the details of patient care. Care measures
may take longer to complete in the presence of a
communication deficit.
Place important objects within reach To maximize patient’s sense of independence.

Provide an alternative means of communication for An alternative means of communication (e.g., flash
times when interpreters are not available (e.g., a cards, symbol boards, electronic messaging) can
phone contact who can interpret the patient’s help the patient express ideas and communicate
needs). needs.
Keep distractions such as television and radio at a To keep patient focused, decrease stimuli going to
minimum when talking to patient the brain for interpretation, and enhance the
nurse’s ability to listen.
Maintain eye contact with patient when speaking. Patients may have defect in field of vision or they
Stand close, within patient’s line of vision may need to see the nurses’ face or lips to
(generally midline). enhance their understanding of what is being
communicated.
 NURSING INTERVENTION RATIONALE
Give the patient ample time to respond. It may be difficult for patients to respond under
pressure; they may need extra time to organize
responses, find the correct word, or make
necessary language translations.
Use confrontation skills, when appropriate, within To clarify discrepancies between verbal and
an established nurse-patient relationship nonverbal cues.

Use short sentences, and ask only one question at This method allows the patient to stay focused on
a time. one thought.

Provide word-and-phrase cards, writing pad and Supplemental communication devices are
pencil, or picture board. Use eye blinks or finger especially helpful for intubated and tracheal
movements for “yes” or “no” responses. patients or those whose jaws are wired.
Refer to appropriate resources (e.g., speech Specialized services may be required to meet
therapist, group therapy, individual/family and/or needs.
psychiatric counseling).
● Nursing diagnosis: Self-care deficit

● Objective: patients are able to perform daily

activities that are possible and self-reliant.
 NURSING INTERVENTION RATIONALE
Guide the patient in accepting the needed amount Patient may require help in determining the safe
of dependence. limits of trying to be independent versus asking for
assistance when necessary.

Implement measures to promote independence, An appropriate level of assistive care can prevent
but intervene when the patient cannot function. injury from activities without causing frustration.
Nurses can be key in helping patients accept both
temporary and permanent dependence.
Apply regular routines, and allow adequate time for An established routine becomes rote and requires
the patient to complete task. less effort. This helps the patient organize and
carry out self-care skills.

Allow the patient to feed himself or herself as soon It is possible that the dominant hand will also be
as possible (using the unaffected hand, if the affected hand if there is upper extremity
appropriate). Assist with setup as needed. involvement.
Place the patient in a comfortable position for Proper positioning can make the task easier while
feeding. also reducing the risk for aspiration.
 NURSING INTERVENTION RATIONALE
Provide patient with proper utensils (e.g., wide-grip These things expand possibilities of success.
utensils, rocking knife, plate guard, drinking straw)
to aid in self-feeding.

Suggest elastic shoelaces or Velcro closures on The closures eliminate tying, which can add to
shoes for walking. frustration.

Utilize wheelchair or stationary chair. Dressing requires energy. A chair that provides
more support for the body than sitting on the side
of the bed saves energy when dressing.

Consider the use of clothing one size larger. A large size guarantees easier dressing and
comfort.

Aid with ambulation; direct the use of ambulation These methods promote patient safety and aid
devices such as canes, walkers, and crutches. If with balance and support.
using a cane, place the cane in the patient’s strong
hand and ensure proper foot-cane sequence.
Others Nursing Diagnosis related are:
● Risk for altered nutrition, more than body requirements
● Impaired social interaction
● Ineffective family coping
● Impaired home maintenance management
● Risk for sexual dysfunction
·
CONCLUSIONS
We can alleviate physical pain, but
mental pain -
grief,despair,depression,dementia - is
less accessible to treatment. It's
connected to who we are -our
personality, our character, our soul, if u
like.
- RICHARD EYRE-
REFERENCES
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 TRIAL TIMELINE

Neptune is the farthest Venus has a beautiful Saturn is the ringed one
planet from the Sun name, but it’s terribly hot and a gas giant
RESEARCH EXPERIMENTATIO CONCLUSIONS
01 N
03 05

02 04
PRECLINICAL RESULTS
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun is a cold place
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AWESO
ME
WORDS
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 PHASE 1

12 74%
MONTHS
90mg/dag

SAFE DOSE SECONDARY EXPERIMENTAT SUCCESS RATE

EFFECTS ION TIME

SAMPLE GROUP RESULTS

●100-150 people Despite being red, Mars is a cold
●25% healthy place. The planet is full of iron
●25-45 years old oxide dust
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 TENDENCY

The name of Mercury has

nothing to do with the liquid
metal. It was named after the
Roman messenger god

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the
data and paste the new graph here, replacing this one
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73.95%
Big numbers catch your audience attention
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A PICTURE
REINFORCE
S THE
CONCEPT
Images reveal large
amounts of data, so
remember: use an image
instead of a long text
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 RESULTS

EXPERIMENT 1 EXPERIMENT 2

TREATME TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TREATME TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3

NT NT

GROUP 1 315 285 600 GROUP 1 291 299 625

GROUP 2 219 389 600 GROUP 2 245 278 590

GROUP 3 240 165 580 GROUP 3 261 190 621

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 RESULTS ANALYSIS

VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s terribly hot
36% 25% 21% 17%
MARS
Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place JUPITER
75 VENU
SATURN %
56 S
Saturn is the ringed one MARS
%
85 SATU
and a gas giant
% RN
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SUCCESS RATE

74%
PATIENTS FEEL
BETTER 93%
WITHOUT
SECONDARY
EFFECTS
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 THIS IS A MAP

Jupiter is a gas giant and

the biggest planet in the
Solar System

Venus has a beautiful

name and is the second
planet from the Sun
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 SNEAK PEEK

You can replace the

images on these screens
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CONCLUSIONS
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly
hot and its atmosphere is extremely
poisonous
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