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SQL Server - Control Structure and Mathematical Function

The document discusses various control structures and mathematical functions in SQL Server. It covers while loops, parameters for while loops, break statements, case statements, and mathematical functions like SQRT, PI, ROUND, CEILING, and FLOOR. Examples are provided for each to demonstrate their syntax and usage. Key points include using while loops to repeatedly execute SQL statements as long as a condition is true, and using case statements as an alternative to if/else statements in SQL.

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Luis peter Shinyala
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

SQL Server - Control Structure and Mathematical Function

The document discusses various control structures and mathematical functions in SQL Server. It covers while loops, parameters for while loops, break statements, case statements, and mathematical functions like SQRT, PI, ROUND, CEILING, and FLOOR. Examples are provided for each to demonstrate their syntax and usage. Key points include using while loops to repeatedly execute SQL statements as long as a condition is true, and using case statements as an alternative to if/else statements in SQL.

Uploaded by

Luis peter Shinyala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Faculty of Computing and Informatics

DPG 621S
V. Paduri email: vpaduri@nust.na

Lecture Notes: Control Structure and Parameters

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SQL SERVER
Conditional Statements
While loop: In SQL SERVER, while loop can be
used in similar manner as any other programming
language. A while loop will check the condition
first and then execute the block of SQL
Statements within it as long as the condition
evaluates true.

2
SQL SERVER
Syntax:

WHILE condition
BEGIN
{...statements...}
END;

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SQL SERVER
Parameters:

1. Condition: The condition is tested in each pass


through the loop. If condition evaluates to TRUE,
the loop body is executed otherwise the loop is
terminated.
2. Statements: The statements that needs to be
executed in each pass through the loop.

4
SQL SERVER

5
SQL SERVER
Output:

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SQL SERVER
• Break statement: BREAK statement as the
name signifies is used to break the flow of
control. It can be used in SQL in similar
manner as any other programming
language.
• Example: While loop with Break
statement

7
SQL SERVER |

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SQL SERVER
Output

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SQL SERVER
Example
• Note : In the example, when variables value
became five, BREAK Statement is executed
and the control gets out from the Loop.
• Do-While loop: SQL server does not have
the feature of do-while loop but by doing
little modifications in while loop, the same
behaviour can be achieved.

10
SQL SERVER
Example

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SQL SERVER
Output

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SQL SERVER
Example 2:

13
SQL SERVER
Output 2:

14
SQL SERVER
• CASE statement: In SQL Server, the
CASE statement has the same functionality
as IF-THEN-ELSE statement.

15
SQL SERVER
• Syntax:
• CASE Expression
• WHEN Con_1 THEN Output1
• WHEN Con_2 THEN Output2
• WHEN Con_3 THEN Output3
• WHEN Con_4 THEN Output4
• ...
• WHEN Con_n THEN Outputn
• ELSE output
• END
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SQL SERVER
• Paramaters:
1. Expression: The value to be compared to the list
of conditions(Optional).
2. Con_1, Con_2, …Con_n: The conditions are
required and are evaluated in the order they are
listed. Once a condition is true, the CASE function
will return the result and not evaluate the conditions
any further.
3. Output1, Output2, …Outputn: The output to be
printed once the condition evaluates true.

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SQL SERVER
Example |

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SQL SERVER
Output

19
SQL Server Mathematical
functions
SQL Server Mathematical functions (SQRT, PI,
SQUARE, ROUND, CEILING & FLOOR)
Mathematical functions are present in SQL server
which can be used to perform mathematical
calculations. Some commonly used mathematical
functions are given below:

20
SQL Server Mathematical
functions
1. SQRT():
SQRT() function is the most commonly used
function. It takes any numeric values and returns
the square root value of that number.

Syntax:

SELECT SQRT(..value..)

21
SQL Server Mathematical
functions

22
SQL Server Mathematical
functions
• 2. PI(): There are calculations which require
use of pi. Using pi() function, value of PI
can be used anywhere in the query.

• Syntax: SELECT PI()

23
SQL Server Mathematical
functions
Example

24
SQL Server Mathematical
functions
4. ROUND(): ROUND() function is used to round a value to
the nearest specified decimal place.

Syntax:

SELECT ROUND(..value.., number_of_decimal_places)

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SQL Server Mathematical
functions

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SQL Server Mathematical
functions
5. CEILING() and FLOOR()
CEILING(): CEILING() function is used to find the
next highest value (integer).

Syntax:

SELECT CEILING(..value..)
FLOOR(): FLOOR() function returns the next lowest
value (integer).
Syntax:

SELECT FLOOR(..value..)

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SQL Server Mathematical
functions

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