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    Presentation For Midterm 1

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    David Alesna
    1. When selecting planting materials, farmers should choose materials with a germination rate above 90% to ensure high yields, and should select pure, adapted varieties to avoid off-types that won't meet market standards. 2. Key factors for seed selection include high yield, quality, disease and pest resistance, and adaptation to local conditions. Seeds are classified based on genetic purity from breeder to certified categories. 3. Good seeds are genetically pure, have high germination and vigor, and are free from pests and diseases. Proper storage helps prolong seed viability for 3-12 months.

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    Presentation For Midterm 1

    Uploaded by

    David Alesna
    16 views24 pages
    1. When selecting planting materials, farmers should choose materials with a germination rate above 90% to ensure high yields, and should select pure, adapted varieties to avoid off-types that won't meet market standards. 2. Key factors for seed selection include high yield, quality, disease and pest resistance, and adaptation to local conditions. Seeds are classified based on genetic purity from breeder to certified categories. 3. Good seeds are genetically pure, have high germination and vigor, and are free from pests and diseases. Proper storage helps prolong seed viability for 3-12 months.

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    Presentation for Midterm 1

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    1. When selecting planting materials, farmers should choose materials with a germination rate above 90% to ensure high yields, and should select pure, adapted varieties to avoid off-types that won't meet market standards. 2. Key factors for seed selection include high yield, quality, disease and pest resistance, and adaptation to local conditions. Seeds are classified based on genetic purity from breeder to certified categories. 3. Good seeds are genetically pure, have high germination and vigor, and are free from pests and diseases. Proper storage helps prolong seed viability for 3-12 months.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views24 pages

    Presentation For Midterm 1

    Uploaded by

    David Alesna
    1. When selecting planting materials, farmers should choose materials with a germination rate above 90% to ensure high yields, and should select pure, adapted varieties to avoid off-types that won't meet market standards. 2. Key factors for seed selection include high yield, quality, disease and pest resistance, and adaptation to local conditions. Seeds are classified based on genetic purity from breeder to certified categories. 3. Good seeds are genetically pure, have high germination and vigor, and are free from pests and diseases. Proper storage helps prolong seed viability for 3-12 months.

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    PLANTING MATERIAL SELECTION

    AND PREPARATION

    - CROP PRODUCTION
    Things to consider when selecting planting materials

     Most farmers fail not because of lack of effort or hard


    work but because of poor selection of planting
    materials.
    Germination rate should be above 90% which simply
    means for every 100 seedlings planted 90 seeds will
    germinate. Ensure the planting materials are pure to
    avoid getting products with off types since off types
    products are not accepted in the market.
    Seed Selection:

    Some of the factors to be considered in seed selection :


     High Yield
     High Quality in Terms of Nutrient Composition and
    Eating quality
     Resistant to Insect Pests and Diseases
     Adapted to the Local Conditions
     Genetically Pure.
    The classes of seeds based on genetic purity

     Breeder seed 
     Foundation seed 
     Registered seed 
     Certified seed 
     Good seeds
     Unclassified seeds
    Characteristic of a good seed

     High genetic purity


     High pure seed percentage ( physical purity)
     High germinability
     High vigour
     Higher field establishment
    Characteristic of a good seed

     Free from pest and disease


     Good shape, size, colour etc., according to
    the specification of variety
     High longevity / shelf life.
     Optimum moisture content for storage
     High market value
    Seed growers are formed to handle the production of
    certified into producer of registered seed and
    producer of certified seeds. The Foundation Seed
    Producers get their seeds from the Registered Seed
    Growers.
    Crops are also classified as self-pollinated only (1-
    4% outcrossing) and cross pollinated (1-4% selfing).
    Rice, soybean, mungbean and peanut are
    self-pollinated. Seed certification and seed
    genetic purity maintenance is quite easy
    compared to cross pollinated crops such as
    corn.
     Varieties of open-pollinated corn and self-
    pollinated rice and legumes maintained their
    genetic purity through the classification cited
    before while hybrid seeds are always bought
    from seed companies which are producing them
    in the F2 generation as it tends to deteriorate in
    yield and quality because of genetic segregation
    How to maintain varieties of self-pollinated crops

     Plant in isolation in the field.


     Practice rouging of off types
     Proper handling during harvesting,
    threshing, cleaning and storage to avoid
    mixture.
    How to maintain varieties of pollinated corn

     Plant in isolated are (at least 200 meters away from


    sufficient windbreaks).
     Practice mass selection in the field taking into
    consideration that border plants around the side of
    the field are excluded. In mass selection, consider
    plant height (uniform also) and maturity as well as
    sizes of ears.
     Practice proper handling in shelling, grading, drying
    and storing to avoid mixture of other seeds.
    Types of planning materials
    1. Seed: all green crops, vegetable crops,
    forage grasses, and legumes; fiber crops.
    2. Vegetative materials:
     Stem cuttings – sugarcane, sweet potato,

    cassava, forage grasses;


     Tubers – white potato
     Bulbs – multiplier onion, garlic;
     Corms – taro (gabi);
     Rhizomes – ramie, ginger.
    Seed Storage

    Seeds can lose viability in 3 to 12 months in


    storage if improperly dried and handled. To
    prolong viability, seeds should be stored dry
    at 12 to 14% moisture content in airtight
    containers like sealable cans, bottles, gunny
    sacks lined with thick polyethylene plastic.
     Use of desiccants like dry charcoal or silica
    gel placed inside containers will prevent
    further moisture absorption by seeds.
    Storage at refrigeration temperatures and
    dehumidified conditions will prolong seed
    viability.
     Properly dried but improperly stored seeds
    will absorb moisture from ambient humid
    air. This may trigger respiration and
    enzymatic activities of the embryo and
    gradual loss of viability of the seed at
    storage.
    Preparation of planting Materials and Seed Testing

    In seed certification program before seeds are


    labeled and tagged, the following testing are
    done:
    1. Moisture test
    2. Purity test
     Pure seeds
     Other crop seeds
     Weed seeds Foreign matters
    3. Germination test
     Ragdoll method
     Seedbox method
     Petri dish or filter paper method
     Tetrazolium test (TZ)
    4. Seed vigor test
    Poor seed germination are indicative of
    either low vigor or seed dormancy. The
    farmer must find out the age of the seeds in
    storage. Newly harvested seeds indicate
    seed dormancy and must be broken if the
    farmer wants to use the seeds immediately
    Rice and peanut seeds have dormancy
    period. However, corn, sorghum, soybean
    and mungbean have no dormancy period.
    They can, therefore, be planted immediately
    after harvest.
    Dormancy refers to the length of time the seeds
    are in resting period until germination. . However,
    some seeds are dormant because of their
    impermeable seed coat to entrance of water. In the
    case of rice and peanut, the seeds coats are not
    impermeable but they are merely in resting stage
    or due to the presence of germination inhibitors.
    Breaking the seed dormancy is usually done
    by drying under the sun at 14% MC and
    allows one month time in storage.
    However, if the farmer wishes to use the
    rice seeds right after harvest, break the
    seed dormancy by:
     Soaking the seeds in hot water until the
    water becomes cool. The hotness of water is
    just enough that when one dips his hands
    he can just withstand the heat of the water.
     Soak the seeds in water, then dry in the sun,
    soak again and dry for 3 times.
     Use of potassium nitrate (KNO3) at specific
    concentration. Soak the rice seeds for
    sometimes then dry. One can ascertain that
    seed dormancy is broken when the
    germination percentage is from 85-95
    percent. This is done by testing the seed
    germination again.
    THE END!!!

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