Function

Function: is a relation between two sets A and B such that every element in
Set A is paired with exactly one element in Set B.
*Function-Is a rule that assigns to each element in a set A one and only one
element in SET B.
Function – A set of ordered pair.
* Is a rule which takes certain values as inputs & assigns to each input value
exactly one output. The output is a function of the input.
* Is a correspondence between a first set of independent variables, called
domain, and second set of dependent variables, called range, such that for
each member of the domain there corresponds exactly one member of the
range. In other words, for each x value there corresponds one y- value.
. A(X) = { 1,2,3,4} ;1,2,3,and 4 are known as domain; Independent
B(Y) = { A,B,C,D} ; A,B,C, and D are known as range. (dependent)
1A – is a function ; 3B; 2c.
FUNCTION – EVERY X VALUE MUST BE ASSOCIATED TO ONLY Y
VALUE.
 Function
Relation-is a rule that relates values from a set of values (domain) to a
second set of values (Range).
Domain – The set of all x or input values.
Range – The set of all y or output values.
Ordered pair-pair of objects taken in a specific order.
Example: {1,5}, {2,6}, {3,7}
1, 2, and 3 are Domain
5,6,and 7 are Range

* A FUNCTION IS A SPECIAL KIND OF RELATION.

A 1

B 2
ONE- TO - ONE CORRESPONDENCE
C 3
 Function
DOMAIN RANGE

A 1

B 2

C 3
MANY-TO –D ONE CORRESPONDENCE
( FUNCTION)
 Function
DOMAIN -X RANGE- Y

A 1

B 2

C 3
ONE-TO –MANY
D
CORRESPONDENCE
4
( NOT FUNCTION)
 Function
 2. SET – A COLLECTION OF WELL – DEFINED AND DISTINCT OBJECTS, CALLED
ELEMENTS THAT SHARE A COMMOMN CHARACTERISTICS.
EXAMPLE: A SET OF ORDERED PAIRS.
{1,4}, {2,5}, (3,6} *1,2, and 3 is known as Domain (IV)
* 4,5,and 6 are known as Range (DV)
To determine if the given set is function or not examine the domain.
1, 2, 3 – domain – no element or x value is repeated. Therefore this a
function.
to check using mapping:
Domain X Range - Y
1 4

2 5

3 6
 Not Function
 Example 2
Given:
{ 1,2}, {4,5}, {4,6} take note the domain 1,4,4.
4( x – value) is repeated. Therefore, it is not a function.

Domain X Range-Y

2
1
5
4
6
 Function
 Example :
 1. In driving a car and you are pushing your foot down the accelerator pedal;
the speed of the car would increase. The speed of the car is dependent on
the weigh or pounds of pressure you put on the accelerator pedal, the amount
of pressure you put on the accelerator is called (x) independent variables,
because you decide how much pressure to use , and the speed at which you
travel depends on the amount of pressure you choose.
 2. The weekly pay of an hourly faculty is a function of how many hours he
worked. The notation f(x) is pronounced “f of x” or “ f as x.”
 f(x) = 3x + 5 ; y = 11; ; f(x) = y
 f(2) = 3(2) + 5 = 11; the quantity inside the () parenthesis is x and the
quantity on the right of the equal sign is y. One of the advantage of this
notation(a series or system of written symbols used to represent numbers,
amounts, or elements in something such as music or mathematics.) is that we
have both x and y values without having to say anything about x and y .
 Function
Find :
f(-2) = f(x) = 2x +10 = 2(-2) +10 = -4 + 10 = 6; f(x) = y = 2x +10
F(-2) = f(x) = = = = 2
f(-50) ; f(200) , for f(x) = 12 ; This is an example of constant function, so the y value is 12 no
matter what quantity is in parenthesis.
 f(-50) = 12 Answer.(Constant or Fixed value)
f(200) = 12.
Profit functions. XYZ Manufactures an indoor –outdoor thermometer at its Manila subsidiary.
Management estimates that the profit realizable by XYZ in the manufacture and sale of x
thermometer per week is.
P(x) = 0.001x2 + 8x -500;
Find the XYZ ‘s weekly profit if its level of production is 1000 thermometer per week.
Evaluating the profit function P at x = 1000. Thus,
P(1000) = 0.001(1000)2 + 8(1000) -500 = P2000
Function as f(x) = 3x + 1 , can be presented as y = 3x + 1,: f(x) notation is another way of
representing the y value in the function, which means that these two are consider as
“Equivalent Notations”. IPO
Y = 3x + 1, y as your INPUT , 3x+ 1 as your OUTPUT.



Function
 Example : Doctor’s fee is based on the length of time.
; Jeepney fare: P9 f(X) = 9 ; if t <= 4km
a) up to 10 minutes cost P500
; DF= 500 ; T <10

b) Over 10 minutes and up to 30 minutes cost P1000

 Example:
 The total number of iPods sold by Apple up to the end of year x can be
approximated by 4x2 + 16x + 2 million iPods ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 6 )
Where x = 0 represent 2003 ;@ x = 1 = 2004 {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
The domain of is the set of number x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 6 that is the interval [0,6].
If we substitute 0 for x in the formula for , we get
4(0)2 + 16(0) + 2 million (Fixed value)
2 million ( by the end of 2003 approximately 2 million iPods had been sold)
At year 2007, x = 4 ;
4(4)2 + 16(4) + 2 million
= 130 million iPods
Mathematical Modeling- usually describes a system by a set of variables and a set of
equations that establish relationships between the variables.

 Example 1:
The temperature is now 100 F and increasing by 200 per hour.
Model: T(t) = 10 + 20t ; (t = time in hours, T= Temperature).
• Example 2:
Invest on P10000 at 6% compounded quarterly. Find the accumulated amount
after t years. Compound Amount. On P at =r; jcpd.m ;
A(t) = 10000( 1 + ; xy
F = P ; j = 0.06; m = quarterly,
 System of Equation
 1. Elimination-In the elimination method you either add or subtract the
equations to get an equation in one variable. When the coefficients of one
variable are opposites you add the equations to eliminate a variable and when
the coefficients of one variable are equal you subtract the equations
to eliminate a variable.

 Steps:
1. Step 1: Multiply each equation by a suitable number so that the two equations
have the same leading coefficient. ...
2. Step 2: Subtract the second equation from the first.
3. Step 3: Solve this new equation for y.
4. Step 4: Substitute y = 2 into either Equation 1 or Equation 2 above and solve for
x.
5. x = 5 ; The total number of variables = the total number of equations.
( Letras) = Number of =(equation); Ac = pi R2
; x+y =7; x = 5 ( Constant = fixed value); x +y =7 ; x+y+z+=9
 System of Equation
 Example : X= 5, Y = 5 ,
 x + y = 10 Equation(1)
2x + y = 15 Equation (2)
1st . Multiply eq.1 by -1 to eliminate y;
- 1( x + y = 10) = -x – y = -10
Add to eq(2):
-x – y = -10
2x + y = 15
x = 5 Answer
Multiply eq(1) by -2 to eliminate x; -2( x + y = 10)
-2x – 2y = - 20
2x + y = 15
-y = - 5 ; y = 5 ; Answer x = 5, y = 5
Substitution:


-is the algebraic method to solve simultaneous linear equations. As the word

 -Substitution Method
1. Substitution method can be applied in four steps.
2. Step 1: Solve one of the equations for either x = or y = . We will solve second
equation for y.
3. Step 2: Substitute the solution from step 1 into the second equation.
4. Step 3: Solve this new equation.
X + y =7 ; x = 7 – y Substitute x = 7 – y to x+ y =7;
7–y+y=7=0
Substitution:
 Given: x + y = 10 (1)
2x + y = 15 (2)
From eq(1), solve for x ; x + y = 10 ,
x = 10 –y eq (3); do not do this : 10 – y + y = 10 = 0
Substitute eq (3) to eq(2); 2x + y = 15 @ X = 10 – Y
2( 10 – Y) +Y = 15 ; distribute 2 ;
20 – 2y + y = 15;
20 – y = 15 ; Solve for y ;
y = 20 – 15 = 5 ; ; y = 5 eq(4)
Substitute eq(4) to any eq. (1) or (2);
From eq(1) ; x + y = 10 @ y = 5 ; Therefore,
x + 5 = 10
x = 10 – 5 = 5 ; x = 5 ; to check substitute x = 5; y= 5 to eq(1) or eq(2)
From eq(1); x + y = 10
5 + 5 = 10 ; Solution set
 the determinant is a scalar value that can be computed from the elements of a
Determinant
square matrix and encodes certain properties of the linear transformation
described by the matrix. ( Villanueva’s Method).
 + - or - + a1 b1 c1
x + y = 10
2x + y = 15 ; First you are required to get the coefficient of each variable
then use the direction for + - positioning.
X Y
+ - 1 1 = 2(1) -1(1) = 2-1 = 1 as your denominator;
2 1 C Y
To solve for x = 10 1
15 1 = 15(1) – 10(1) = x = = 5
1 1
To solve for ; x= 5, y = 5