Disaster Management

Dr. N.
Komalavalli
Associate Professor and Head
PG and Research Department of Botany
Alaggappa Government Arts College
Karaikudi
Disaster (As per DM Act, 2005)
Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or

grave occurrence affecting any area from natural
and manmade causes, or by accident or
negligence, which results in substantial loss of life
or human suffering or damage to, and destruction
of property, or damage to, or degradation of
environment and is of such a nature and magnitude
as to be beyond the capacity of the community of
the affected areas.
2
Disaster events (1900-2009)
Disaster Decades
Types
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Total
-09 -19 -29 -39 -49 -59 -69 -79 -89 -99 -09
28 72 56 72 120 232 463 776 1498 2034 3529 8880

Hydro
meteorologi 78.4%
cal
40 28 33 37 52 60 88 124 232 325 354 1373
Geological 12.1%
5 7 10 3 4 2 37 64 170 361 612 1275

Biological 11.3%
73 107 99 112 176 294 388 964 1900 2720 4495 11328
Total
Hazard Vulnerability in India
68% 12%
59%
3%
8%
Major Losses in India due to Disasters
( 2001-2013)
Year Lives Lost Cattle Lost Houses damaged Cropped area
affected
(in lakh Ha)
2001-02 834 21,269 3,46,878 18.72
2002-03 898 3,729 4,62,700 21.00
2003-04 1,992 25,393 6,82,209 31.98
2004-05 1,995 12,389 16,03,300 32.53
2005-06 2,698 1,10,997 21,20,012 35.52
2006-07 2,402 4,55,619 19,34,680 70.87
2007-08 3,764 1,19,218 35,27,041 85.13
2008-09 3,405 53,833 16,46,905 35.56
2009-10 1,677 1,28,452 13,59,726 47.13
2010-11 2,310 48,778 13,38,619 46.25
2011-12 1,600 9,126 8,76,168 18.87
2012-13 984 24,360 6,71,761 15.34
2013-14 5,677 1,02,998 12,10,227 63.74
Disaster Management Act,2005
# Institutional Mechanism -
 NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority), SDMA, DDMA
 NEC (National Executive Committe),SEC
 NDRF(National Disaster Response Force)
# Financial Arrangements-
 National Disaster Response Fund, State Disaster Response Fund and District Disaster Response
Fund
 National Disaster Mitigation Fund & similar such fund at state and district levels
 Capacity Building Grant
 Response Reserve (to be created)
# Capacity Development-
NIDM
Other institutions:
 Civil Defence
 Fire Services
 Home Guards
Disaster Management Policy, Plans and
Guidelines
• National Policy on Disaster Management, 2009
• National Action Plan on Climate Change-Issued by MOEF
• Drought Manual –Prepared jointly by MOA/ NIDM and issued by MOA.
• Guidelines- 26 guidelines issued by NDMA. (www.ndma.gov.in)
• National Disaster Management Plan( Cleared by NEC, to be finalised by

NDMA)
• State and District Disaster Management Plans
* MOA – Memorandum of Agreement; NIDM – National Institute of

Disaster Management
Guidelines on Preparedness and Response (Checklist for
preparedness )
Vulnerability assessment Community participation
Dissemination of warning Evacuation Plan
Emergency Response Activating EOCs (Emergency
activities Operation Centers)
Coordination Search & Rescue Teams
Rapid Damage Assessment Communication
Maintenance of essential Identification of Nodal
services Officer
Stocking of essential Status of SDRF
commodities Preparedness Drill
Medicines
Drinking water
Shelter/Camps
Mitigation and Prevention
Mainstreaming DRR in development strategy- Planning
Commission
•Constitution of a Working Group for inclusion of DRR measures in the 12 th Five
Year Plan
•Flexi Funds:- The Ministry of Finance has given detailed guidelines by their
circular dated 6th January 2014 on earmarking 10% of funds of centrally sponsored
releases as ‘Flexi Fund’, part of which can be utilised for disaster mitigation or for
restorations works activities according to the State specific need. Such
mainstreaming plan provision would address the issue appropriately to supplement
the efforts of the affected State at some degree.
Self Certification/ DM Audit mechanism in all Centrally

sponsored schemes- Ministry of Finance
 All the major public infrastructure projects are to be subjected to
disaster impact analysis and adopt hazard resistant construction
technology to ensure structural safety against natural hazards.
Hazard Specific Mitigation Projects
• National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project –under implementation in Odisha and Andhra
Pradesh (Phase-I) ; Phase II being planned for Kerala, Gujarat, West Bengal and
Maharashtra
• National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project - Under implementation on a pilot basis
• Strengthening of Fire Services – Being finalised
• Flood Management Programme : Ministry of Water Resources
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project : Ministry of Environment and Forests

Technological inputs
Nodal agencies for forecasting and early warning
dissemination
Disaster Agency Ministry
Cyclone India Meteorological Department Earth Sciences
Tsunami Indian National Centre for Oceanic Earth Sciences

Information Services
Earthquake India Meteorological Department Earth Sciences
Floods Central Water Commission Water Resources

Landslides Geological Survey of India Mines
Avalanche DRDO Defence

(Defense Research & Development
Organisation )
Preparedness and Response
• IDRN (India Disaster Resource Network)
• Advance procurement of material and equipment
• Early warning of different disasters
• Identification of potential hazard
• Dissemination of early warning
• Evacuation
• Emergency Communication Plan - to provide last mile connectivity
• NEOC/ SEOCs/DEOCs for effective coordination during disaster response
• Nodal Ministries/Departments for forecasting of various Disasters

Preparednes (Contd)
Response Mechanism:
•Cabinet committee on management of Natural Calamities
•National Crisis Management Committee
• NEC
•State Government
-SEC
-DDMA
-Sub-district Administration (SDM/Tehsildar, PRIs, ULBs, police,
civil defence, fire services, home guards, NCC, NYK, Red Cross and civil
society organisations)
•NDR Force
•SDR Force
Financial Arrangements (Over 5 years)
Grants:
13th Finance commission- SDRF : Rs. 33, 581 Crore
NDRF : Rs 17,360 Crore
Capacity Building Grant : Rs. 525 Crore
Disaster Response Reserve: Rs. 250 Crore-
to be constituted
Plan Schemes-
• Strengthening of Fire and Emergency Services Rs. 700 crore
• Revamping ofRevamping
Civil Defence Rs.Services
of Fire 300 crore(` 87519 crore to ULBs),apportion of
Non Plan Scheme-
which available for Fire Services.
• Financial Assistance to ATIs/other training institutes ( @30 Lakhs/per institute)/@ 25
lakh/centre of Excellence
Externally Aided Projects:
• GOI-UNDP DRR Programme - (MHA/NDMA)

• NCRMP ( Rs.1496.71 Crore) - (NDMA/Odisha & AP)
• GOI-USAID DMS Project - (MHA/NIDM/Trg. Institutes)
Capacity Development
• Institutional arrangements for capacity development at
National and state level. (NIDM, Disaster Management Centers
in the states, NCDC, NFSC, NDRF).
• Efforts are made to mainstream Capacity Development

strategies in most of the ministries and Government department
at National, State and District Level
• National Disaster Management Programme
• Capacity Building Grant under 13th Finance Commission

Key issues
Priority during 'non-disaster' phase
Clearance of old liabilities
Inventory management
Maintenance of equipment
Inter-institutional coordination
Operationalisation of EOCs
Community involvement
Role of PRIs and ULBs
Dealing with media
Issues to be addressed
Institutional Strengthening
• Strengthening of SDMA and DDMAs
• Strengthening capacities of Panchayat and local bodies
• Strengthening of Centre for Disaster Management
• 24 X 7 functional Emergency Operation Centers (EOC) to be functional.
State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)

• Earmarking Battalion/Team or raising new force for the purpose.
• Training of the SDRF in coordination with NDRF
• Use of Capacity Building Grant for Training of SDRF as per the Guidelines
• Associating Civil Defence, Fire Services, Home Guards

Issues to be addressed regarding
NDR Fund
• State Memorandum to be submitted when the SDRF is inadequate to
meet the immediate relief
• Recourse to NDRF only in case of disaster of severe nature
• Memorandum to be submitted in consolidated format with supporting
documents /evidences
• Memorandum to be submitted only for relief and immediate
restoration. Long term or medium term recovery measures to be
financed through other Plan schemes of the States
• CAG observations to be noted for future
• For accessing grant under the Capacity Building Grant awarded by 13th
Finance Commission, annual work-plan and utilisation to be finalized
by the states by 15th June
Challenges in Disaster Response
•Early Warning Systems of IMD has predicted the
strength, movement of the cyclone ‘Phailin’ along with
possible location of landfall with precision almost 3 days in
advance. This has helped the authorities to take
preemptive measures to reduce casualties.
•Telecommunication infrastructure can be damaged during

any disaster. Back-up arrangements need to be in place,
like Satellite phones for communication during disaster
phase. Telecommunication companies may also arrange
adequate number of mobile BTS towers for immediately
restoring the telecommunication facilities in the aftermath
of disaster.
Challenges in Disaster Response--contd
•In ecologically vulnerable tourist areas, there can be a system to

register/ regulate the tourists, so that people can be effectively traced
in disasters
• Organised and trained State Disaster Response Force has helped in

tackling any disasters
• Equipping fire service as multi-disaster responders
•The Central/State Governments due to limited resources are not able

to fully compensate the losses suffered by the affected people.
Therefore, there is need to explore risk transfer arrangements like
insurance.
Disaster Management Projects
Thank You

Disaster Management

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Dr. N.

Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or

28 72 56 72 120 232 463 776 1498 2034 3529 8880

5 7 10 3 4 2 37 64 170 361 612 1275

• National Action Plan on Climate Change-Issued by MOEF

• Drought Manual –Prepared jointly by MOA/ NIDM and issued by MOA.

• Guidelines- 26 guidelines issued by NDMA. (www.ndma.gov.in)

• National Disaster Management Plan( Cleared by NEC, to be finalised by

• State and District Disaster Management Plans

* MOA – Memorandum of Agreement; NIDM – National Institute of

Self Certification/ DM Audit mechanism in all Centrally

• Strengthening of Fire Services – Being finalised

• Flood Management Programme : Ministry of Water Resources

• Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project : Ministry of Environment and Forests

Disaster Agency Ministry

Cyclone India Meteorological Department Earth Sciences

Tsunami Indian National Centre for Oceanic Earth Sciences

Floods Central Water Commission Water Resources

Avalanche DRDO Defence

• Emergency Communication Plan - to provide last mile connectivity

• NEOC/ SEOCs/DEOCs for effective coordination during disaster response

• Nodal Ministries/Departments for forecasting of various Disasters

Externally Aided Projects:

• GOI-UNDP DRR Programme - (MHA/NDMA)

• Efforts are made to mainstream Capacity Development

• National Disaster Management Programme

• Capacity Building Grant under 13th Finance Commission

State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)

• Associating Civil Defence, Fire Services, Home Guards

•Telecommunication infrastructure can be damaged during

•In ecologically vulnerable tourist areas, there can be a system to

• Organised and trained State Disaster Response Force has helped in

• Equipping fire service as multi-disaster responders

•The Central/State Governments due to limited resources are not able

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