101 Politics & Governance

POLITICS &
GOVERNANCE
Cynthia A. Barotilla
Teacher
THE EXECUTIVE
The Role of the Philippine President in

relation to his/her power
OBJECTIVE
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the historical
background of Philippine, democratic, politics, the executive, the
legislative, the judiciary, decentralization and local governance.
Performance Standard:
The learners shall be able to explain the roles of different political
institutions
OBJECTIVE
Learning Competencies:
Knowledge 1. Explain the roles and powers of the Philippine
presidents HUMSS_PG12-Ih-24
Skill 2. analyze how contemporary Philippine presidents
exercised their powers HUMSS_PG12-Ih-25
Attitude 3. critique the Philippine Presidents exercise of
power HUMSS_PG12-Ih-26
Politics & Governance 5
ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT

The President is the Head of State and Head of
the Government, and functions as the
commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines. As chief executive, the President
exercises control over all the executive
departments, bureaus, and offices.
ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT

The President of the Philippines is elected by
direct vote by the people for a term of six years.
He may only serve for one term. The term of the
President of the Philippines starts at noon of the
30th day of June after the election.
QUALIFICATIONS Politics & Governance 7
According to the 1987 Constitution, these are the qualifications to the aspiring individual to
become Presidents..
1.Natural born Filipino

2. A register voter
3. Must be able to read and write
4. 40 years of age at the day of the election and;
5. Must have resided in the Philippines 10 years
before the election of the Philippines
Politics & Governance
8
POWER OF THE PRESIDENT

Specifically outlined in Executive Order No. 292, s. 1987…
1. Power of control over executive branch
2. Power Ordinance Power
3. Power over aliens
4. Powers of eminent domain, escheat, land reservation and
recovery of ill-gotten wealth
5. Power of appointment
6. Power of general supervision over local governments
7. Other powers.....
9
PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

CONTRIBUTION
EMILIO F. AGUINALDO
1ST PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES
JANUARY 23, 1899-APRIL 01, 1901
“Magiting na Heneral”
We can find his symbolic face in a 5 peso
coin
10

CONTRIBUTION
Contributions and Achievements
1. 1st President of the Republic of the

Philippines under Malolos Republic
2.Youngest general of the Hukbong
Sandatahan of his time
3.1st youngest president at 28, died at
the age of 94,
4. Leader of KKK
5. Signatory of Pact of Biak na Bato

CONTRIBUTION
MANUEL L. QUEZON
2ND PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
1ST PRESIDENT OF THE
COMMONWEALTH
NOVEMBER 15, 1935 - AUGUST 1, 1944
“Father of National Language”


CONTRIBUTION
1.1st president won through a nationwide

national election
2. Initiated women’s rights in the Philippines
3. Created the National Council of Education
4. Made Tagalog/Filipino as our national
language
5. He is in our 20-peso bill

CONTRIBUTION
JOSE P. LAUREL
3RD PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
1ST AND LAST PRESIDENT OF THE
JAPANESE SPONSORED REPUBLIC
OCTOBER 14, 1943- AUGUST 15, 1945
The 3rd among Philippine presidents to assume

office during the era of Japanese occupation of
World War II

CONTRIBUTION
1. He organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan

sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas )
2. Declared Martial Law in 1944,
3. Established one of the pioneering
universities in Manila, Lyceum of the
Philippines

CONTRIBUTION
SERGIO S. OSMENIA
4TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
2ND PRESIDENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH
AUGUST 1, 1944- MAY 28, 1946
The 2nd Philippine president of the Commonwealth

regime whose face appears in 50-peso bill

CONTRIBUTION
1. The oldest president to resume office at 65 years

old.
2. 1st Visayan president,
3. Joined US Gen, Douglas MC Arthur, in Leyte on
October 20, 1944, starting the freedom of the
Philippines from the Japanese during WWII,
4. PNB was rehabilitated, and the country joined the
International Monetary Fund (IMF),
5. Bell Trade Act was approved by the US Congress

CONTRIBUTION
MANUEL A. ROXAS
LAST PRESIDENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH
MAY 25, 1946-JULY 4, 1946
1ST PRESIDENT OF THE 3RD REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES
JULY 4, 1946-APRIL 15, 1948
He only assumed office for a very short period of 1

year, 10 months and 18days to be exact, He is in a
100-peso bill

CONTRIBUTION
1.In his time, the country has started re

construction from war damage and the
Philippines started breathing without
foreign rule,
2.The Philippine Rehabilitation Act and
Philippine Trade Act were accepted by
the Congress

CONTRIBUTION
ELPIDIO R. QUIRINO
2ND PRESIDENT OF THE 3RD REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES
APRIL 17, 1948 - DECEMBER 30, 1953
Served first as Vice President of Manuel Roxas in

his time and assumed to become the next leader
when Manuel Roxas died

CONTRIBUTION
1. He created Social Security Commission

(SSS),
2. He created Integrity Board to monitor
graft and corruption,
3. During his regime the peso and dollar
exchange was 1$ =2pesos only
PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 21
CONTRIBUTION
RAMON F. MAGSAYSAY
3RD PRESIDENT OF THE 3RD REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES
December 30, 1953- March 17, 1957
Native of Iba , Zambales, military governor

and engineer, died on a plane crash, boarding
presidential plane named, Mt. Pinatubo
CONTRIBUTION
1. He was sworn into office wearing the Barong Tagalog, a first

by a Philippine President. He was then called "Mambo
Magsaysay,
2. During his term, he made Malacañang literally a "house of
the people", opening its gates to the public,
3. Chairman of the Committee on Guerilla Affairs,
4. Philippines was in Golden Year for it was the cleanest and
zero corruption,
5. Philippines was ranked 2nd among Asia's clean and well
governed country,
6. He established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation
Administration (NARRA)
CONTRIBUTION
CARLOS P. GARCIA
4TH PRESIDENT OF THE 3RD REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES
March 18, 1957- December 30, 1961
Well renowned country lawyer, critically acclaimed

poet, teacher and self proclaimed guerilla fighter. He
was the Vice President of Ramon Magsaysay during
his time
CONTRIBUTION
1.Adopted the "Filipino First Policy",

2.Established the Austerity Program focusing
on Filipino trade and commerce,
3.Recognized and dubbed as the "Prince of
Visayan Poets" and bard from Bohol,
4.Cultural arts were strongly promoted,
5.1st president that were buried in the "libingan
ng mga Bayani"
CONTRIBUTION
DIOSDADO P. MACAPAGAL
5TH PRESIDENT OF THE 3RD REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES
December 30, 1961- December 30, 1965
From Lubao, Pampanga, another

lawyer and professor of his time
CONTRIBUTION
1. Established the First Land Reform Law,

2. Popular with farmers in his time,
3. Placed the peso on the free currency exchange
market,
4. Known for shifting the country's observance of
Independence Day from July 4 to June 12,
commemorating the day President Emilio Aguinaldo
unilaterally declared the independence of the First
Philippine Republic from the Spanish Empire in
1898,
5. He was aptly tagged “Man of the Masses” and the
CONTRIBUTION
FERDINAND E. MARCOS SR.

1ST AND LAST PRESIDENT OF THE 4TH
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
December 30, 1965 - February 25, 1986
From Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, a lawyer and senate President for 3 years.
The longest running president of the Philippines history and world history,
he was president for 21 years. He had the most controversial terms of all
Philippines presidents during his time when he declared Martial Law to
remain in tenure as the highest government official in the country. He was
the 1st ousted president due to excessive and oppressive use of power
and first to voluntarily flee out of office because of EDSA people power.
CONTRIBUTION
He was indeed the best military and political

tactician and brightest president who ever
lived to retain the longest rein using his
power and knowhow the Philippines Laws as
a lawyer.
CONTRIBUTION
1. Awakened the Filipinos to put up EDSA revolution

in the 80’s,
2. The first to win a second term, declared Martial law
on Sept. 22, 1972,
3. Empowered and increased military population to
fuel his dictatorship intents, in 1986,
4. The Philippines become one of the most indebted
countries in Asia thru IMF bank funds,
5. The only president who had a record of building
more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and
infrastructures than all former presidents combine
CONTRIBUTION
CORAZON C. AQUINO
1ST PRESIDENT OF THE 5TH REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES
February 25, 1986-June 30, 1992,
The first woman president of the Philippines

and Asia at the same time. She was from
Paniqui, Tarlac and of a wealthy descent
belonging to the haciendero Coquangco clan.
CONTRIBUTION
Contributions and Achievement
1. TIME magazine, "Woman of the Year" in 1986 after EDSA

revolution,
2. Turned color yellow as a symbol of freedom and
democracy,
3. She’s known to bring back democracy in the country
through a peaceful revolution known in world history as
EDSA revolution
4. Initiated the abolition of the repressive 1973 Marcos
Constitution and brought about the making of new
Constitution of the Philippines for the Filipino People,
5. Signatory of Family Code of 1987 and RA 1191- Local
Government Code
6. Her face appears in the latest 500-peso bill together with
her husband Ninoy Aquino
CONTRIBUTION
FIDEL V. RAMOS
2ND PRESIDENT OF THE 5TH REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES
June 30, 1992- June 30, 1998
Military general of his time. The Chief of Staff of the

Armed Forces of the Philippines during Cory's
regime. He brought back economic growth , and
stability in the country inspite of the Asian Financial
Crisis, 1977.
He was a non catholic ( protestant) president.
CONTRIBUTION
1. During his reign, the country was cited as Asia's

next economic tiger.
2. Philippines celebrated the Centennial
Independence in 1998,
3. Only Filipino who received Britishknighthood in UK
by Queen Elizabeth II,
4. His "Philippines 2000",vision made the Philippines
stock exchange one of the best improving and
rising economies in mid 90’s,
5. Death penalty was re instated,
6. Signatory of Peace talk agreement with MNLF
CONTRIBUTION
JOSEPH M. EJERCITO
ESTRADA
3RD PRESIDENT OF THE 5TH REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES
June 30, 1998- January 20, 2001
‘ERAP para sa Mahirap’ was his popular slogan. The first film actor to
become president of the Philippines. His governance has been through
to numerous controversies, slow economic growth, and was later on
convicted guilty of plunder case. The second president to flee the office
by virtue of forced leave of office. Philippine economy was at worst,
because of his proven corrupt leadership
CONTRIBUTION
1.During his time, the MILF Camp Abubakar

headquarters was re inforced by the
military,
2.Supported against Charter Change,
3.Among the ‘Magnificient 12”, who voted for
the termination of US Military Bases
Agreement and removal of US forces and
all alleged armaments present in Clark
Airbase and Subic Naval Base
CONTRIBUTION
GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO

4TH PRESIDENT OF THE 5TH REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES
January 20, 2001 - June 30, 2010
Capampangan native and daughter of former President

Diosdado Macapagal. Second female president of the
Philippines. The Oakwood Mutiny is her most popular siege
during her tenure and of the first serious attempts to overthrow
her. She got involved in the popular Hello Garci Scandal, one of
the biggest obvious unproven disgrace to a president, during
her time
CONTRIBUTION
1. She was the first female vice president of the Philippines

2. 1st President who had oathtaking outside Presidents territory
in Luzon
3. Gained higher economic growth than the past 3 presidents
before her
4. Economy grew at its fastest in 3 decades in 2007
5. US ex president Bill Clinton, cited Gloria’s “tough decisions”
because of her brilliant strategy to make the country's
economy back in shape amidst the 2008 financial crisis
6. Peso became the best performing currency of the year in
Asia in 2007,
7. eVAT Law was implemented
CONTRIBUTION
BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III

THE PHILIPPINES
June 30, 2010 - June 30, 2016
The son of the first female president, Cory Aquino.
Popularly known as Pnoy. First bachelor president.
The only president who doesn’t bring codigo during
his speech(SONA). His family is part owner of
Hacienda Luisita which had been to the longest
controversial Land Reform subject to this day.
CONTRIBUTION
1. Popularized the "no wang-wang policy",

2. Initiated the K-12 education in the Philippines
3. During his term, he renamed the Office of Press Secretary
into Presidential Communications Operations Office,
4. He signed and EO about the suspension of allowances and
bonuses of GOCC and GFI’s board members
5. Cyber crime law was born during his term,
6. Has paved peace in Mindanao thru Bangsamoro Islamic
Freedom Movement,
7. responsible of re structuring of many government systems
thru his "tuwid na daan" progressive move,
CONTRIBUTION
RODRIGO R. DUTERTE
THE PHILIPPINES
June 30, 2016 - June 30, 2022
He was the first president from Mindanao. The first
president to have worked in all three branches of
government, and the oldest to be elected. Known for his
authoritarian leadership style and man-of-the-people
persona. Duterte won seven terms and served as mayor of
Davao for over 22 years, during which the once crime-ridden
city became peaceful and investor-friendly.
CONTRIBUTION
1. Tax reform which made the Philippines one of the

fastest-growing economies in Asia.,
2. Build, Build, Build, under Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH)
3. Transportation modernization under Department
of Transportation who made mass transportation
safe, reliable, and available. ,
4. Free college education for all with 1.6 million
enjoying it by 2020, up 36 percent from 2019.
5. An independent foreign policy,
CONTRIBUTION
6. Reduced red tape for the masses and made

oligarchs toe the line,
7. Universal health care. Insurance coverage
expanded from 90 percent of the population to 100
percent
8. His domestic policy focused on combating the
illegal drug trade by initiating the controversial war
on drugs
CONTRIBUTION
FERDINAND R. MARCOS JR.

THE PHILIPPINES
June 30, 2022- present
Commonly referred to by the initials PBBM or BBM. He

previously served as a senator from 2010 to 2016. He is the
second child and only son of 10th president and
dictator Ferdinand E. Marcos and former first lady Imelda
Romualdez Marcos.
Contributions and Achievements……
THANK YOU
Have a lovely day!!!!!

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POLITICS &

The Role of the Philippine President in

ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT

ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT

1.Natural born Filipino

POWER OF THE PRESIDENT

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

1. 1st President of the Republic of the

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

“Father of National Language”

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

Contributions and Achievements

1.1st president won through a nationwide

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

The 3rd among Philippine presidents to assume

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

Contributions and Achievements

1. He organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

The 2nd Philippine president of the Commonwealth

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

Contributions and Achievements

1. The oldest president to resume office at 65 years

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

He only assumed office for a very short period of 1

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

Contributions and Achievements

1.In his time, the country has started re

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

Served first as Vice President of Manuel Roxas in

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR

Contributions and Achievements

1. He created Social Security Commission

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 21

Native of Iba , Zambales, military governor

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 22

Contributions and Achievements

1. He was sworn into office wearing the Barong Tagalog, a first

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 23

Well renowned country lawyer, critically acclaimed

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 24

Contributions and Achievements

1.Adopted the "Filipino First Policy",

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 25

From Lubao, Pampanga, another

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 26

1. Established the First Land Reform Law,

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 27

FERDINAND E. MARCOS SR.

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 28

He was indeed the best military and political

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 29

Contributions and Achievements

1. Awakened the Filipinos to put up EDSA revolution

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 30

The first woman president of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 31

1. TIME magazine, "Woman of the Year" in 1986 after EDSA

PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS & THEIR 32