WASTE TO ENERGY

P R O J E C T A D V I S O RY &
STRUCTURED
FINANCE
INTRODUCTION

• Some major reasons for increase in waste :

- Rising Industries
- Migration of rural people
62 million Tonnes
- Cheap Technology
- Increasing Buyer power of people . Waste not collected
Waste Collected
43 million Tonnes 19 million Tonnes

Treated Dumped
11.9 million
31 million Tonnes
Tonnes

• Benefit of 40 lakh crore in 2050 with reduction of greenhouse gases by 44 % (statistics)

CIRCULAR • Smarter use and manufacturing

ECONOMY • Extending lifespan of product and its parts

• Recovery and reuse of materials
WASTE TO ENERGY

Waste-to-energy projects provide major business

opportunities, environmental benefits, and
energy security.
heat
Energy recovery from waste is the conversion of non-
recyclable waste materials into usable heat, electricity, or
fuel through a variety of processes, including recovery
combustion, gasification, pyrolization, anaerobic
digestion and landfill gas recovery. This process is often Fuel
called waste to energy.

Types of waste which are majorly converted into power : power

1. Municipal solid waste
2. Agricultural waste
3. Animal Waste
4. Wood Waste
5. Industrial Waste
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
• Commercial + residential wastes
• Solid + semi solid wastes
• Excluding industrial waste but including the treated
biomedical wastes

#Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules,

2000 (MSW Rules) are applicable to every municipal
authority responsible for collection, segregation, storage,
transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid.
 WASTE

Thermochemical Biochemical

1. Incineration
1. Fermentation
2. Gasification
2. Anaerobic
Digestion
3. Pyrolysis
 INCRENATION

TECHNOLOGIES USED :
Powder ash
And exhaust gas

GASIFICATION
Gasifier
Combustible gas, Syngas
Air
By-Products

PYROLYSIS

SYN GAS and Solid char

650 c
PLASMA GASIFICATION
 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS TYPES OF PROCESS

PLASMA ARE GASIFICATION 816

CONVENTIONAL GASIFICATION 685

GASIFICATION 685

PYROLYSIS 571

MASS BURN 544

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

INDIA WASTE MANAGEMENT MARKET ANALYSIS

Indian WtE market - $ 1089.34 million

Consolidated

Indian waste Management Market Leaders

1. A2Z Green Waste Management Ltd

2. BVG India Ltd
Fragmented
3. Eco wise Waste Management Pvt.
Ltd
India waste management
4. Tatva Global Environment Ltd
market
5. Hanjer Biotech Energies Pvt. Ltd
RELATING PRESENT CIRCUMSTANCES WITH THE
POLICIES

• Currently India uses petroleum for 95 % of their energy Harvard Study: Average Net Imports of oil & petroleum
needs.
• 77% of them are imported
• Majorly from Middle east & Africa

• It may increase to 90 %.
• Bioethanol in India is currently produced from molasses
(a byproduct of sugar manufacturing) and India is
considering the possibilities of using sugarcane juice to
increase bioethanol production.
ETHANOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL C2 H5 O
H

Advantages :

• Increases octane rating

• Saving ₹30,000 crore of foreign exchange
• Increased energy security.
• Lowered carbon emissions.
• Self-reliance.
• Better use of damaged foodgrains.
 GROWING ETHANOL MARKET

7th
2016

4th
2021

Predicted 2023 3rd (analysis by Statista 2022)

Statista 2020

Companies TCD Ethanol (in litres)

1.Bajaj Hindustan limited 1,36,000 8,00,000
2.Balarampur Chinni 76,500 4,25,000
3.Renuka Sugar 35,000 2,00,000
 GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR MSW TO ENERGY PROJECT
• The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Type of projects Urban & Industrial
(MNRE) offers financial incentives to a municipal waste
proponent who plans to set up a waste-to- waste
energy project. Waste to power 2.00 1.5

• For commercial projects, financial assistance Waste to fuel 0.5 0.5

is provided by way of interest subsidy in order
to reduce the rate of interest to 7.5%, Fuel to power 1.00 1.00
capitalized with an annual discount rate of 12
%. 
Maximum eligible interest subsidy to reduce interest rate to 7.5% RS. In crore

• Tariff agreed is about Rs.7.04 – Rs.7.89 per Average PLF achieved % of eligible CFA
unit. during minimum 3
consecutive months
≥80% 100%
Section 801 A
≥ 60% and < 80% 80%

≥ 50% and < 60% 60%

<50% 0%
Equipment's profits (10 years)
 Compostion Of solid waste generated in urban areas

6%
15%

4%
27%
3%

Click icon to add picture

WASTE
5%

MANAGEMENT
IN INDIA 40%

Textiles Paper Food & Garden Glass & Ceramics

Metal Rubber & Plastic Inert
STATUS OF WASTE TO ENERGY IN INDIA

1985 - Timarpur in Delhi

300 TPD WASTE (3.75 MW )

14 more plants were installed

7 7

Council of science editors

FEASIBILITY IN INDIA
Many policies to promote
511 MW
---- Swatch Bharat Mission
&
NITI AYOG 100 WTE Plants
----- 2017 NPTC invited developer

ISSUES :

1. WASTE NOT SEGREGATED

2. BIODEGRADBLE FACTORS ALMOST 60 %

3. 1900 – 3800 k cal /calorific Value ( Norway , USA , Germany )

4. 1411 – 2150 k cal/g (India)

5. Expensive
solar or coal = Rs. 3 – 4 KWH
WTE = Rs. 7 KWH
CASE STUDY:
UNIVERSITY
• Area of the campus is about 44 acres
• Solar photo Voltic cells , biogas plant ,etc. are present .
• There is a proper segregation of waste :

Composition of waste
Organic matter Food waste from Hostel Mess, leaves
from trees in Campus
Plastic Plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic
strings etc.
Glass Bottles, glassware, light bulb,
ceramics etc.
Wood Wooden chips waste from workshop,
furniture waste etc.
Paper & Office wastepaper, old newspapers,
cardboards magazines, waste card boards etc.
Collection of Dry waste

Decomposition Composting

Leaf logs
WORKING OF A BIOGAS
 Analysis of energy produced

Average waste produced in a mess per day = 50 kg

Equivalent amount of Bio-gas produced = 12.5 kg

Calorific value of biogas = 20.2 MJ/kg

Total energy produced in a day = 12.5*20.2

= 252.5 MJ

Total energy produced round the year

(Excluding holidays, breaks and winter season) = 252.5 MJ * 210

= 53025 MJ
PATNA GREEN ENERGY PRIVATE LIMITED
Agreement
• Development of MSW & SLF
• Signed between BUIDCO as an authority
representing government of Bihar
• Site area 74 acres
• Located in Gaya, Patna .

Technology
• incineration

Tariff
Filed an application with Bihar Electricity
Regulatory Commission (BERC) towards
determination of tariff for sale of power to be
generated from the Plant. Tariff order at a tariff
of INR 6.25 per unit has been passed .
Assumptions for revenue Calculations

• Input quantity of MSW: Based on projections of the Minimum Obligated Waste Quantity to be provided
ULBs as per the MSW Supply Agreement, the following input quantities of MSW have been assumed:
•  
Financial Year FY2018 and onwards

MSW quantity (TPD) 600.0

Plant load factor: As per the TEV study, the following PLF factor for the plant have been assumed

Financial Year FY2018 and onwards

Plant Load Factor (PLF) 85.62%

Description European Indian Emission Guaranteed Output as per
Directive 2000/ Norms(MSW Rules 2015 Hitachi
76/ EC Proposed)
Dust 10 150 10
NOx 200 450 450

NOx (option: SNCR)     200

HCl 10 50 50
SO2 50 200 50
HF 1 4 1
TOC 10 20 10
Hg 0.05 0.05 0.02
Cd+ Tl 0.05 0.05 0.05
Sb +As+ other metals 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dioxins and furans (ng/m3) 0.1 0.1 0.1
 PROJECT COST ESTIMATION
IN CRORES
PARTICULARS Amount

SITE DEVELOPMENT COSTS 16.00

BUILDING AND CIVIL WORKS 13.34
PLANT AND MACHINERY 138.32
OLD CAPPING 10.00
NEW SLF 15.34
TOTAL HARD COSTS 193.00
CONTINGENCY 3.86
PRELIMINARY & PRE-OPERATIVE EXPENSES 2.99
FINANCE COST 3.86
CONSULTANCY CHARGES 1.93
INTEREST DURING CONSTRUCTION 15.66
MARGIN MONEY FOR WORKING CAPITAL 2.02
TOTAL PROJECT COST 223.33
OUTPUT CALCULATION

Quantity of MSW 600 TPD

Assumed Net Calorific Value 1,650 Kcal/kg
Assumed Conversion Efficiency 24%
Energy recovery potential (kWh) = NCV x W x 1000/860 1.163 x 1,650 x 600

Energy recovery potential 1151370 Kwh

Gross Generation potential (Minimum) = 11514 kW 11.5 MW

 
REVENUE

In house consumption = given 16 % of

total capacity .

Operational Hours in a year = 7500

Tipping fee = Rs. 333 per Ton .

SOME IMPORTANT GOVERNMENT CLEARANCES REQUIRED .
Serial
no. APPROVAL AUTHORITY
1. Environmental Clearance Ministry of Environment and Forest

2. Site Authorization under MSW Rules State Pollution Control Board

3. Consent to establish under Air and Water Act State Pollution Control Board

4. NOC from fire services Home department

5. Airport Authority clearance Air Traffic Control/ Airports Authority of India.

6. Industrial Setup Approval State Industrial Promotion Board – Industries

Department
7. All drawings and document approval Authority

8. Disaster Management Plan State Disaster Management Authority

9. Consent to operate under Air and Water Act State Pollution Control Board

10. Electricity Approval State Electricity Board

CONCLUSION

Profit , ROI , payback

Environmental outcomes PPP agreements

Waste
To
energy
Limited no enterprises Risks : Planning permitting risk ,
faced issue technology risk , composition risk

There is a need : capacity

planning and assumptions
for infrastructure
“RECYCLE FOR THE LIFE CYCLE”
THANK YOU.