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3 Introduction To Computers

The document introduces computer networks and their basic concepts. It describes how networks connect autonomous computers that can be located anywhere geographically. The objectives are to explain LAN, MAN and WAN network types, applications of networks like resource and information sharing, and communication. It also describes common network topologies like bus, star, ring and mesh, and network components including physical media, devices, computers, software and applications. TCP/IP is introduced as the dominant networking protocol.

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49 views32 pages

3 Introduction To Computers

The document introduces computer networks and their basic concepts. It describes how networks connect autonomous computers that can be located anywhere geographically. The objectives are to explain LAN, MAN and WAN network types, applications of networks like resource and information sharing, and communication. It also describes common network topologies like bus, star, ring and mesh, and network components including physical media, devices, computers, software and applications. TCP/IP is introduced as the dominant networking protocol.

Uploaded by

THE VIDEO LAB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computers

Networking
Learning Objectives
By the end of the lecture you should be able to:
 Explain the basic concepts of computer network
 Describe LAN, MAN and WAN
 List some of the applications of Network
 Describe different network topologies
 Explain Network components
 Describe different communication protocols
Computer Networks
Computer network
connects two or more
autonomous computers.

The computers can be


geographically located
anywhere.
Applications of Networks
Resource Sharing
Hardware (computing resources, disks, printers)
Software (application software)
Information Sharing
Easy accessibility from anywhere (files, databases)
Search Capability (WWW)
Communication
Email
Message broadcast
Remote computing
Distributed processing (GRID Computing)
Network Topology
The network topology
defines the way in
which computers,
printers, and other
devices are connected.
A network topology
describes the layout of
the wire and devices as
well as the paths used
by data transmissions.
Bus Topology
Commonly referred to
as a linear bus, all the
devices on a bus
topology are connected
by one single cable.
Star & Tree Topology
The star topology is the most
commonly used architecture in
Ethernet LANs.
When installed, the star
topology resembles spokes in
a bicycle wheel.
Larger networks use the
extended star topology also
called tree topology. This
topology significantly reduces
the traffic on the wires by
sending packets only to the
wires of the destination host.
Ring Topology
A frame travels around the ring,
stopping at each node. If a node
wants to transmit data, it adds the
data as well as the destination
address to the frame.
The frame then continues around
the ring until it finds the
destination node, which takes the
data out of the frame.
Single ring – All the devices on
the network share a single cable
Dual ring – The dual ring topology
allows data to be sent in both
directions.
Mesh Topology
The mesh topology
connects all devices
(nodes) to each other
for redundancy and
fault tolerance.
It is used in WANs to
interconnect LANs and
for mission critical
networks like those
used by banks and
financial institutions.
Implementing the mesh
topology is expensive
and difficult.
Network Components
Physical Media
Interconnecting Devices
Computers
Networking Software
Applications
Networking Media
Networking media can
be defined simply as
the means by which
signals (data) are sent
from one computer to
another (either by cable
or wireless means).
Networking Devices
HUB, Switches, Routers,
Wireless Access Points,
Modems etc.
Computers: Clients and Servers
In a client/server
network arrangement,
network services are
located in a dedicated
computer whose only
function is to respond
to the requests of
clients.

The server contains the


file, print, application,
security, and other
services in a central
computer that is
continuously available
to respond to client
requests.
Networking Protocol: TCP/IP
Computer Communications
 Wireless communications: connects managers and
computers together without wires.
 Cellular has grown rapidly to over a billion users.
 Wireless modems connect one computer to another.
 Networks: share information between computers.
 Server Computer: powerful computer that relays
information to client computers.
 Servers and other computers are connected on a Local Area
Network or LAN
 Mainframe: large computers processing vast amounts of
information .
 Internet: a world wide network of computers
Applications
E-mail
Searchable Data (Web Sites)
E-Commerce
News Groups
Internet Telephony (VoIP)
Video Conferencing
Chat Groups
Instant Messengers
Internet Radio

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