Looping & Branching
© Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
Else if Statement
If you want to execute some code if one of several conditions
are true use the else if statement.
else if statement is used as extension of "If" structure if the
condition fails then it executes another "If" condition to
execute the code segment under the "else if" statement.
Syntax:
• if (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
• else if (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
• else
code to be executed if condition is false;
© Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
Else if Statement
<?php
$c = 10;
$d = 10;
if ($c > $d) {
echo "c is bigger than d";
}
else if ($c==$d) {
echo "c is equal to d";
}
else {
echo "d is smaller than c"; } ?>
Result: c is equal to d
In the above example the if the condition "$c>$d" is true then the
message "c is bigger than d" is displayed, else the condition in the else if
that is "$c==$d" is evaluated if it is true the message "c is equal to d" is
displayed otherwise "d is smaller than c" is displayed
© Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
Switch Statement
The Switch case statement is used to compare a variable or
expression to different values based on which a set of code is
executed.
If you want to select one of many blocks of code to be
executed, use the Switch statement.
The switch statement is used to avoid long blocks of if..else
code.
© Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
Switch Statement
Syntax:
switch ( <variable> ) {
case this-value:
Code to execute if <variable> == this-value
break;
case that-value:
Code to execute if <variable> == that-value
break;...
default:
Code to execute if <variable> does not equal the value
following any of the cases
break;
} © Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
Switch Statement
<?php
$x=2;
switch ($x) {
case 1:
echo “Number 1”;
break;
case 2:
echo “Number 2”;
break;
default:
echo “No number between 1 and 3”;
}
?>
© Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
Switch Statement
The condition of a switch statement is a value. The case says
that if it has the value of whatever is after that case then do
whatever follows the colon.
Break is a keyword that breaks out of the code block, usually
surrounded by braces, which it is in. In this case, break
prevents the program from falling through and executing the
code in all the other case statements
© Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
Switch Statement
The default case is optional, but it is wise to include it as it
handles any unexpected cases. It can be useful to put some
kind of output to alert you to the code entering the default
case if you don’t expect it to.
Switch statements serve as a simple way to write long if
statements when the requirements are met.
© Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
Match Expression
The new match is similar to switch and has the following
features:
Match is an expression, meaning its result can be stored in a
variable or returned.
Match branches only support single-line expressions and do
not need a break; statement.
Match does strict comparisons. Unlike switch, the comparison
is an identity check (===) rather than a weak equality check
(==).
© Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
Match Expression
echo match (8.0) {
'8.0' => "Oh no!",
8.0 => "This is what I expected",
};
//> This is what I expected
match expression arms may contain multiple expressions separated by a comma. That is a logical
OR, and is a short-hand for multiple match arms with the same right-hand side.
<?php
$result = match ($x) {
// This match arm:
$a, $b, $c => 5,
// Is equivalent to these three match arms:
$a => 5,
$b => 5,
$c => 5,
};
?>
© Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
Match Expression
A special case is the default pattern. This pattern matches anything that wasn't previously
matched. For example:
<?php
$condition = 4;
$expressionResult = match ($condition) {
1, 2 => ”One and Two”,
3, 4 => ”Three and Four”,
default => ”Hidaya Trust - HIST”,
};
?>
© Copyright 2016 Hidaya Institute Of Science and Technology
