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Questioned Document

The document discusses questioned documents and provides information about their examination. It defines a questioned document as one whose authenticity is challenged or whose origin is doubtful. Common questioned documents include letters, checks, contracts, and wills. The document outlines the preliminary examination process for questioned documents, which includes examining the paper, folds, ink, writing style, spacing, and any alterations. It also discusses the collection and storage of questioned documents, admitted samples, and the examination of seals and stamps.

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Shubham Patwa
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37 views18 pages

Questioned Document

The document discusses questioned documents and provides information about their examination. It defines a questioned document as one whose authenticity is challenged or whose origin is doubtful. Common questioned documents include letters, checks, contracts, and wills. The document outlines the preliminary examination process for questioned documents, which includes examining the paper, folds, ink, writing style, spacing, and any alterations. It also discusses the collection and storage of questioned documents, admitted samples, and the examination of seals and stamps.

Uploaded by

Shubham Patwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUESTIONED

DOCUMENT
Introduction
DOCUMENT
• Any object that contain handwritten Marking and symbol letter words Which
convey some meaning To one or other person.
• It can be – a stone , a wall , wooden piece, glass metal
Sheet, piece of cloth , paper.
The Indian Penal Code. 29. “Document”. —The word “document” denotes any
matter expressed or described upon any substance by means of letters, figures,
or marks, or by more than one of those means, intended to be used, or which
may be used, as evidence of that matter.
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
• A questioned doc contract is defined as the document whose
authenticity is challenged on a number of grounds; or a document or
a part of document become a questioned document when its source of
origin is doubtful or under question. Such documents are also known
as ‘disputed’ or ‘contested’ documents.
• most common documents- Letter ,cheques, contract, wills etc.
• Cases involved – Forgery, Counterfeiting, suicide, etc..
Example
Types of forensic document
• Specimen/requested document –
• It is the document obtained by the investigating officer From suspect
or accused in presence of Witness of before court.

Following points are important while collecting the requested sample-


• Admitted document –
• Admitted writing are written by the suspect When he or she not
aware
The writing could be used for comparison purpose with a questioned
document .they show natural handwriting characteristics.
Admitted writing are found in the office, Where the person is employed
in college, training institute Where the suspect or victim studied.
Collection of admitted document-
- Authenticity
- Period
- Like admitted writing
Collection of documents
• The document should be handled by expert.
• When document are received It should be examined top and bottom
front and back Before opening to evaluate the presence Of any
extraneous marks.
• A document should never be handled by bare hands A glove should Be
worn.
• If the document is found in unfolded condition New fold should never be
introduced.
• The document should marked an a unique identication no. should
alloted as soon as possible as it is received by the document expert.
• Document should be stored in static free bag Or cellophane bag or
envelope Document should Be stored in same condition as they
obtained.
• Document should be protected from Strong light, chemicals Moisture
and rodents.
• An enlarged and detailed photography Of document should be done
to maintain the chain of custody.
• A document should never be examined with pen pencil Or any other
sharp instrument To avoid any mark Damage to the document.
Preliminary examination of document
• An examination of a disputed document is a scientific problem and it is no
longer confined to comparison of signature or writing but it also includes
examination of ink, typed matter, printed matter, watermark and all other
elements that combine together to form a document. The examination of a
document is not complete until its every element has been studied and
examined thoroughly.
• Points which are generally considered in the preliminary examination:
• 1) Is the paper of unusual size and was it cut or trimmed by hand at any
margin?
2) How many times, the paper has been folded and what is the sequence
of folds?
3) Does the paper bear any marks of artificial ageing and has the paper
been torn, wetted, mutilated in any way and if so, then what are the
probable reasons?
4) Does the paper bear indentation marks on the front side or embossed
strokes on the reverse side?
5) Does the paper show any physical or chemical erasing, obliteration,
substitution Or alteration of any kind
6) Was the document written or typed before or after the paper was
folded
7) Was more than one kind of ink or pens used to write the body writing
of the document?
8) Does the document show any unnatural spacing between the written
or typed lines?
9) Is the body writing of document written in continuity by one and the
same writer?
10) Any unusual feature, etc.
Seal, and rubber stamp
• Seal is a method for making an impression on paper, or on any documents,
including an embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made
• In the olden days, seals played a vital role to validate the documents, and it
has worth studying the authentication of Seals for questioned document
examination
• Seals are used both in the government and private sectors for authentication.
In the government sector, seals are used to certify essential records such as
birth certificates, marriage licenses, and death certificates as legal documents,
• A small tool that consist of a handle attached to a piece of carved
Rubber and that is dipped in the ink And then pressed on paper To print
a date, name, symbol etc.
Features of seal and stamp
Thank you….

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