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Chapter 4

This document discusses different types of transmission media used for networking including guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as well as unguided media like radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves. It also covers networking fundamentals such as bits, bytes, Ethernet technology, IP addressing classes including class A, B, and C addressing with network and broadcast addresses. Subnet masks are described as being used to differentiate the network and host portions of an IP address.

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Ahmadjamil Qiam
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27 views20 pages

Chapter 4

This document discusses different types of transmission media used for networking including guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as well as unguided media like radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves. It also covers networking fundamentals such as bits, bytes, Ethernet technology, IP addressing classes including class A, B, and C addressing with network and broadcast addresses. Subnet masks are described as being used to differentiate the network and host portions of an IP address.

Uploaded by

Ahmadjamil Qiam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Routing & Switching

Transmission medium

Prepared by : Mohammad Reza Roshan


Year: 2021
Chapter-3 Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to understand:
• Classify various Transmission Medium
• Distinguish between guided and unguided medium
• Characteristics of the popular guided transmission medium:
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Optical fiber
• Types of unguided medium
• Radio wave
• Microwave
• Infrared wave
Network & broadcast ID
• Transmission medium can be defined as physical path between
transmitter and receiver in a network
• Medium is the physical path between transmitter and receiver in a
data transmission system
• Two types of media available are
• Guided Medium (Wired)
• Unguided Medium (Wireless)
Type of Media
Guided and Unguided Media
Bit and byte
• The connection between device are operate at set speed the speed
are measured in bits per second
• What is a bit?
• It is a value represented either
by zero or one (0, 1)
this is the binary code how
computer work.
• What is byte ?
• The collection of 8 bits is called as byte.
Speed

It does not operate one byte at a time


Ethernet Technology
• A technology originated by the university of Hawaii, later adopted by zero corporation

• Ethernet is a collection of network protocols/standards

• Ethernet is the most popular physical layer LAN technology

• Ethernet speed 10mbps

• The different types of cable defined by the Ethernet technology

 Straight-through

 Crossover

 Rolled over
Class C number of Host

• No of host in class C
• No of host is 8
• =2no of host-2
• =28-2 (-2 is for network ID & broad cast ID)
• =256-2
• =254 host /network
Network and broadcast address
• Network address: IP address with all bits as Zero in the host portion
• Broadcast address: IP address with all bits as one in the host portion
• Valid IP address lie between the network address and the broadcast
address
• Only valid IP address are assigned to the host or client
Example Class A
• Class A : N.H.H.H
• Network address: 0xxxxxxx.00000000.00000000.00000000
• Broadcast Address: 0xxxxxxx.11111111.11111111.11111111
Class A Example
• Class A
• 10.0.0.0 Network address
• 10.0.0.1
• 10.0.0.2
• 10.0.0.3
valid IP address

• 10.255.255.254
• 10.255.255.255 Broadcast address
Class B Example
• Class B : N.N.H.H
• Network address:
• 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.00000000.00000000
• Broadcast Address:
• 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.11111111.11111111
Class B Example
• Class B
• 172.16.0.0 Network Address
• 172.16.0.1
• 172.16.0.2
• 172.16.0.3
• valid IP Address

• 172.16.255.254
• 172.16.255.255 Broadcast address
Example Class C
• Class C : N.N.N.H
• Network address:
• 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.00000000
• Broadcast Address:
• 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx.11111111
Class C Example

Class C
192.168.1.0 Network address
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.2
192.168.1.3
valid IP address

192.168.1.254
192.168.1.255 Broadcast Address
Subnet Mask
• Subnet mask differentiate the network and host portion of an IP address
• Represented with all bits as 1 in the network portion and with all 0 in the host
portion
• Class A: N.H.H.H
• 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 is the default subnet mask for class A
• Default subnet mask for class A: 255.0.0.0
• Class B: N.N.H.H
• 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 is the default subnet mask for class B
• Default subnet mask for class B: 255.255.0.0
Subnet Mask

• Class C : N.N.N.H
• 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
is the default subnet mask for class C
• Default subnet mask for class C: 255.255.255.0
How subnet mask works?
• IP Address 192.168.1.1
• Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
• ANDING PROCESS
• 192.168.1.1 = 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001
• 255.255.255.0 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

• 192.168.1.0 = 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
• The output of an AND table is 1 if its both inputs are 1
• For all other possible input the output is 0
End
• Thanks form your nice attention

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