This document discusses parallel computing and parallel operating systems. It defines parallelism as multiple processors simultaneously executing smaller calculations from an overall complex problem. A parallel operating system divides programs into multiple segments that can run simultaneously on multiple processors. It works by breaking tasks into smaller subtasks allocated across processors. Examples where parallel computing is used include smartphones, laptops, microprocessors, and data mining.
This document discusses parallel computing and parallel operating systems. It defines parallelism as multiple processors simultaneously executing smaller calculations from an overall complex problem. A parallel operating system divides programs into multiple segments that can run simultaneously on multiple processors. It works by breaking tasks into smaller subtasks allocated across processors. Examples where parallel computing is used include smartphones, laptops, microprocessors, and data mining.
This document discusses parallel computing and parallel operating systems. It defines parallelism as multiple processors simultaneously executing smaller calculations from an overall complex problem. A parallel operating system divides programs into multiple segments that can run simultaneously on multiple processors. It works by breaking tasks into smaller subtasks allocated across processors. Examples where parallel computing is used include smartphones, laptops, microprocessors, and data mining.
This document discusses parallel computing and parallel operating systems. It defines parallelism as multiple processors simultaneously executing smaller calculations from an overall complex problem. A parallel operating system divides programs into multiple segments that can run simultaneously on multiple processors. It works by breaking tasks into smaller subtasks allocated across processors. Examples where parallel computing is used include smartphones, laptops, microprocessors, and data mining.
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TOPI
C: PARALLELISM PRESENTED BY: GROUP # 01 2019-EE-604 2019-EE-605 2019-EE-624
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Computer Architecture PARALLEL COMPUTING Define Parallelism by word?
The definition of parallelism is based on the word “parallel,”
which means “to run side by side with.”
Define Parallelism in computer architecture?
Parallel computing is a type of computing architecture in
which several processors simultaneously execute multiple, smaller calculations broken down from an overall larger, complex problem. What is a parallel operating system?
Parallel computing is a type of computing architecture in which several processors
simultaneously execute multiple, smaller calculations broken down from an overall larger, complex problem. OR
Parallel operating systems are designed to speed up the execution of programs by
dividing them into multiple segments. It is used for dealing with multiple processors simultaneously by using computer resources which include a single computer with multiple processors and several computers connected by a network to form a cluster of parallel processing or a combination of both. How do Parallel Operating Systems Work?
It is an evolution of serial processing wherein tasks are broken down into manageable tasks that can be executed concurrently. Further, each part is broken down into a series of instructions executed simultaneously on different CPUs. The working of the parallel operating system is such that the CPU and its components are divided into smaller parts, each having full speed and power. In a normally operating system, once an I/O device is identified, it will use the CPU to transfer the information into the memory before performing any operations on it, like processing and transmitting. By parallel operating systems, however, more data can be transferred and processed simultaneously, resulting in quicker data transfer. TYPES OF PARALLEL COMPUTING
Parallel computing is typically classified among three distinct types:
• bit-level • instruction-level • Task level
1. Bit-level parallelism
Bit-level parallelism refers to a type of parallel computing that depends on reducing the quantity or size of the instructions that the processor depends on to carry out particular tasks. This applies when the processor is working with large amounts of data. 2. Instruction-level parallelism
In this type of parallel computing, the processor determines how to order and run instructions in a parallel sequence. It also decides how many instructions to process and carry out at the same time. In instruction-level parallelism, which functions on static parallelism, the compiler can only address less than one instruction, so it is important to be able to group the instructions and run them simultaneously without altering the results.
3. Task parallelism
This form of parallel computing means that the tasks are broken down into smaller tasks — or subtasks — and then allocated to multiple processors, which execute those components at the same time, using the same information source. PARALLEL COMPUTING EXAMPLES
Parallel computing is always part of our daily life. The concept has been around for decades, although it has become more and more common and applicable to the current, increasingly digital world.
1. SMARTPHONES
2. LAPTOPS
3. MICRO-PROCCESSORS
4. DATA MINING Functions of Parallel Operating System
The following are the important functions of a parallel operating
system:
• Has a multiprocessing environment
• Security among processes
• The parallel OS can handle the load of tasks in the operating system
• Sharing of resources between other processes
• Avoiding interference of other processes or threads with each other
• Efficient utilization of all the resources
Advantages of Parallel Operating System
• It saves time and allows the execution of applications simultaneously
• Solves the large complex problem of operating system
• Multiple resources can be used simultaneously
• Has larger memory for the allocation of resources and tasks
• Faster as compared to another operating system
Disadvantages of Parallel Operating System
• The architecture of the parallel operating system is
complex
• High cost since more resources are used for
synchronization, data transfer, thread, and
communication. In the case of clusters, better cooling
