Welcome to 7QC

Training Program
Manoj Maurya
By: Prakash Iron Foundry,
Agra, Uttar Pradesh
Cell No. +919616498682
+919752677575
What are 7 QC tools ?

QC tools are means for collecting

data, analyzing data, identified root
causes and measuring the result.
7 QC tools

1.Pareto Diagram.
2.Causes & Effect diagram. (Also known as
the “Fishbone” or Ishikawa Diagram)
3.Check Sheets
4. Control charts
5. Graphs
6. Histogram
7. Scatter diagram
1- Pareto Diagram
What is Pareto Diagram?
Pareto diagram is tool that arranges items in order of magnitude of their
contribution, thereby identifying a few items exerting maximum
influences.
Or
It is a bar chart arranged in descending order of height from left to right.
Bars on left are relatively more important than those are right.
30%
26%
25%

20%
17% 17%
15%
15%
11%
10%
7% 7%
5%

0%
MOULD BROKEN SAND DROP COLD OTHER MACHINING FAULT BLOW HOLE BOX LEAKAGE
When it is used what result will be
obtained?

Pareto Diagram

Method Usage Result

Allow clarification of important
Pareto Diagram Used to identify a problem task
30%
26%
25%

20% 17%17% Used to identify a causes of a Allow identification a starting

15%
15%
problem point (Which task to start with)
11%
10%
  7% 7%
5%

0%

Used to review the effects of an Allow projection of the effect of

DR N

AK E
E
HI O LD

X HO T
BL G FA ER
CO P

LE L
BO OW UL

AG
O
ND KE

N H
NI T
SA BRO

action to be taken measure to be taken

LD
OU

AC
M

 
2- Causes & Effect Diagram
A causes and effect diagram is tool that show systematic
relationship between a result or a symptom or an effect and
its possible causes.

It is an effective tool to systematically generated ideas about

causes for problems and present these in a structure form.

This tools was devised by Dr. Kouro Ishikawa and as

mentioned earlier is also known as Ishikawa diagram.

A graphical tool that helps identify, sort, and display possible

causes of a problem or quality characteristics.
Determine Possible Causes and Rank their importance:

MOULDBOX SAND
1. Flask too small for 2. Improper clamping inadequate strength
Casting size warped or
Twisted joint line. 3. Bumping molds Excessive
Poorly cleaned joint (because sagged drag) expansion
Line, Faulty pins / pushes. Insufficient drag low deformation
Depth

LEAKAGE

4. Worn Running system soft ramming

(Surface match plate) closer to sides off flask
Dirty Head pressure too high uneven clamping
Weak or Mold cavities too close
Too thin pattern to flask. Improper bedded bottom.
Plate.
PATTERN GATING SYSTEM MOULDING
When it is used what result will be
obtained?

Causes & Effect Diagram

Method Usage Result
Causes & Effect Used when clarifying a causes Can obtain a clear overall
Diagram and effect relationship picture of casual relation.
Used to develop Can listup all causes to identify
countermeasures impartant causes
Benefits of using Causes & Effect Diagram

• Helps determine root causes

• Encourages group participation
• Uses an orderly , easy to read format
• Indicates possible causes of variation
• Increases process knowledge
• Identifies area for collecting data.
3- Check Sheet
As a measurement and collection of data forms the basis of any
analysis, this activity needs to be planned in such a way that the
information collected is both relevant and comprehensive.

Check sheets are a tools for collecting data. They are designed
specific to the type of data to be collected. Check sheet aid in
systematic collection of data. Some examples of check sheet are
daily maintenance sheet, attendance record, production log
sheet etc.
When it is used what result will be
obtained?

Check Sheet
Method Usage Result
Ensure collection of required
Check Sheet Used to collect data
data
Used when performing a Allows a thorough inspection
thorough inspection of all check items
Can understand tendices and
variation
Can record required data
4- Control Chart
Control chart was developed by Dr. Walter A Shewhart during 1920 while he
was with Bell Telephone Laboratories.
Variability is inherent in all manufacturing processes. These variation may be
due to two causes.
I. Random/ Chances causes(un preventable)
II. Assignable causes (Preventable)

Control charts make possible the diagnosis and correction of many

production troubles and bring substantial improvement in the quality of
the product and reduction of spoilage and rework.

It tells us when to leave a process alone as well as when to take action to

correct trouble.
Data is of two type

1. Variable – measured and expressed quantitatively.

2. Attributes – qualitative

Mean and Range

X- (Bar) Mean is the average of sub group

R- Range is the difference between the minimum and maximum in a sub
group.
Control chart for Variables

Chart depleting the variation in X and R with time are known as X bar and R
chart . X bar and R charts are used for variable data.

Control chart for Attributes

The control chart for attributes are P chart, NP chart, and U chart . Control
charts for defectives are P and NP Charts. P charts are used when the
sample size is consent and NP charts are used when the sample size is
variable.
5- Graphs
What is graphs?
A graphs is “a graphical representation of data, which
allows a person to understand the meaning of these
data at a glance.”

A graph is a visual and summarized representation of

data that need to be quickly and precisely conveyed to
other.
When it is used what result will be
obtained?

Graph
Method Usage Result
Can observe changes in a time
Changes in a time sequential
Graph sequential order, ratio and
order -Line graph
amount.
A graph is most frequently
Amount- bar graphs etc used tool to examin the various
matter.
Ratio - pie graph,band chart etc
Different types of graphs used are as
follows.

Graph
Sr.No Type of graphs Purpose
1 Bar Graphs To compare size of data
2 Line Graphs To represent changes of data
3 Gantt Graphs To plan and schedule
4 Radar Graphs To represent changes in data before and after
5 Band Graphs Same as above
6 Pie Graphs Used to indicate comperative weights
7 ISO Graphs To represent data using symbols
6- Histogram
Histograms or frequency distribution diagrams are bar chart
showing the distribution pattern of observation grouped in
convenient class interval and arranged in order of magnitude.
Histograms are useful in studding pattern of distribution and in
drawing conclusion about the process based on the pattern.

A histogram is mainly used to analyzed the process by examine

the location of mean.

Value in a graph or degree of variation, to find a problem point

that needs to be improved.
7- Scatter Diagram
A tool to study the relationship between variable is known as
a scatter diagram.

It consist of plotting a series of points representing several

observation on a graph in which one variable is on X-axis and
other variable is Y-axis.