Introduction To PLSQL
Introduction To PLSQL
set SERVEROUTPUT ON
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line ('Hello World..');
END;
Declaring and usage of variables in the
program
declare
msg varchar(25);
BEGIN
msg := 'Hello NIBM';
dbms_output.put_line (msg);
END;
/
Comments in PL/SQL
• Commenting code simply instructs the compiler to ignore that
particular code from executing.
• Comment can be used in the program to increase the readability of
the program. In PL/SQL codes can be commented in two ways.
• Using '--' in the beginning of the line to comment that particular line.
• Using '/*…….*/' we can use multiple lines. The symbol '/*' marks the
starting of the comment and the symbol '*/' marks the end of the
comment. The code between these two symbols will be treated as
comments by the compiler.
Data types
• CHARACTER Data Type:
• This data type basically stores alphanumeric characters in string
format.
• Varchar
• char
Data types
• NUMBER Data Type:
• A NUMBER(8,2);
• B NUMBER(8);
Data types
• DATE Data Type:
• newyear DATE:='01-JAN-2015';
• current_date DATE:=SYSDATE;
IF-THEN Statement
DECLARE
a NUMBER :=10;
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(‘Program started.' );
IF( a > 100 ) THEN
dbms_output.put_line('a is greater than 100');
END IF;
dbms_output.put_line(‘Program completed.');
END;
/
IF-THEN-ELSE Statement
DECLARE
a NUMBER:=11;
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line ('Program started');
IF( mod(a,2)=0) THEN
dbms_output.put_line('a is even number' );
ELSE
dbms_output.put_line('a is odd number1');
END IF;
dbms_output.put_line ('Program completed.');
END;
/
IF-THEN-ELSIF Statement
DECLARE
mark NUMBER :=55;
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Program started.' );
IF( mark >= 70) THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Grade A');
ELSIF(mark >= 40 AND mark < 70) THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Grade B');
ELSIF(mark >=35 AND mark < 40) THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Grade C');
END IF;
dbms_output.put_line('Program completed.');
END;
/
Find max number among 3 numbers
DECLARE
a NUMBER :=10;
b NUMBER :=15;
c NUMBER :=20;
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Program started.' );
IF( a > b)THEN
/*Nested-if l */
dbms_output.put_line('Checking Nested-IF 1');
IF( a > c ) THEN
dbms_output.put_line('A is greatest');
ELSE
dbms_output.put_line('C is greatest');
END IF;
ELSE
/*Nested-if2 */
dbms_output.put_line('Checking Nested-IF 2' );
IF( b > c ) THEN
dbms_output.put_line('B is greatest' );
ELSE
dbms_output.put_line('C is greatest' );
END IF;
END IF;
dbms_output.put_line('Program completed' );
END;
/
For Loop
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Program started.');
FOR a IN 1 .. 5
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(a);
END LOOP;
dbms_output.put_line('Program completed.');
END;
/
While Loop
DECLARE
a NUMBER :=1;
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Program started');
WHILE (a < 5)
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(a);
a:=a+1;
END LOOP;
dbms_output.put_line('Program completed' );
END;
/