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Logical Fallacies

This document defines and provides examples of common logical fallacies: - Ad Hominem - Attacking the person making the argument instead of addressing the argument itself. - Tu Quoque - Claiming that an opponent's argument is invalid due to their own actions or words. Also known as hypocrisy. - Appeal to False Authority - Citing an expert in one field as an authority on another where they have no expertise. - Straw Man - Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to refute. - Hasty Generalization - Drawing broad conclusions from small, non-representative samples without sufficient evidence. - Bandwagon - Arguing that

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8 views11 pages

Logical Fallacies

This document defines and provides examples of common logical fallacies: - Ad Hominem - Attacking the person making the argument instead of addressing the argument itself. - Tu Quoque - Claiming that an opponent's argument is invalid due to their own actions or words. Also known as hypocrisy. - Appeal to False Authority - Citing an expert in one field as an authority on another where they have no expertise. - Straw Man - Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to refute. - Hasty Generalization - Drawing broad conclusions from small, non-representative samples without sufficient evidence. - Bandwagon - Arguing that

Uploaded by

Chaturvedi Anshu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logical Fallacies

Name: Rayed Patel


Vadodara, 31st March 2023

Making our world more productive


Agenda

1. Definition
2. Ad Hominem
3. Tu quoque
4. Appeal to false authority
5. Straw man
6. Bandwagon appeal
7. Hasty generalization

07/19/2023 Footer 2
Definition

–Merriam-Webster Dictionary: "a flaw in reasoning that leads to invalid or


unsound conclusions“
–The American Heritage Dictionary: "a misconception resulting from incorrect
reasoning“
–Cambridge Dictionary: “an idea that a lot of people think is true but is in fact
false”

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Ad Hominem

–attacking an individual instead of


addressing the issue.
–Directed against a person rather than
the position they are maintaining.

Example

John presents an idea for how to solve a technical problem. However, instead of
addressing the merits of John's idea, another engineer on the team, let's call her
Sarah, says something like, "Well, we all know John doesn't have the best track
record when it comes to completing projects on time, so I don't think we should
trust his idea

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Tu Quoque- 'you too'

–Tu quoque is a fallacy in which


someone asserts that their opponent’s
argument must be invalid because it
is inconsistent with their past words
and actions.
–Similar to Whataboutism
–Strong emotional appeal

Example-

Discipline interface

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Appeal to false authority

‒ Individual, who is an expert in Y


field, says X is true.

‒ When you need to support a


claim, it can be tempting to
support it with a statement from
an authority figure. But if done
improperly, this could be a
logical fallacy—the appeal to
authority fallacy. 
Example-

- A structural engineer taking electrical engineer’s advice on strength of cable


tray support.

- A Bollywood actor’s opinion on health.


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Straw man

‒ A straw man fallacy is a type of


logical fallacy where an individual
misrepresents or distorts an
opponent's argument in order to make
it easier to attack or refute.

‒ The name "straw man" comes from


the idea of creating a weak, flimsy
argument that is easy to knock down,
like a scarecrow made of straw.

Example
Person A: "I think we should use the latest software to model and analyze the
performance of our plant before we show it to the client.“

Person B: "So, you want to waste our time and money on fancy software that may not
be necessary? That's not practical or cost-effective."
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Hasty Generalization

- the logical fallacy of
making a claim based on
a sample size far too
small to support the
claim

Example-

- An executive from a company notices that some employees are arriving late to
work every day for a week. The executive then concludes that all employees in
the company are lazy and unproductive.

- Rotating engineer’s response


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Bandwagon

‒ The idea is popular hence it must be


true.

‒ "everyone else is doing it.“

Asch conformity experiment

Match the line on the left with the one on


the right

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Words of wisdom

“ To induce us to
adopt them stupid
ideas adduces the
immense public that
shares them”

-Anonymous
07/19/2023 Footer 10
Thank you for your attention

Making our world more productive

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