Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 15 views

    Synapses and Drugs

    Uploaded by

    soyoung jin
    This document discusses synapses and how drugs can affect them. It defines a synapse as the junction between two neurons, with neurotransmitters released by the presynaptic neuron diffusing across the synaptic cleft to activate receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. Specific examples discussed include cholinergic synapses using acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter and neuromuscular junctions. The document also explains how drugs can mimic, enhance, or inhibit neurotransmitters and their receptors, thereby altering synaptic transmission.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Synapses and Drugs

    Uploaded by

    soyoung jin
    15 views16 pages
    This document discusses synapses and how drugs can affect them. It defines a synapse as the junction between two neurons, with neurotransmitters released by the presynaptic neuron diffusing across the synaptic cleft to activate receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. Specific examples discussed include cholinergic synapses using acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter and neuromuscular junctions. The document also explains how drugs can mimic, enhance, or inhibit neurotransmitters and their receptors, thereby altering synaptic transmission.

    Original Description:

    About synapse

    Original Title

    synapses and drugs (3)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses synapses and how drugs can affect them. It defines a synapse as the junction between two neurons, with neurotransmitters released by the presynaptic neuron diffusing across the synaptic cleft to activate receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. Specific examples discussed include cholinergic synapses using acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter and neuromuscular junctions. The document also explains how drugs can mimic, enhance, or inhibit neurotransmitters and their receptors, thereby altering synaptic transmission.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    15 views16 pages

    Synapses and Drugs

    Uploaded by

    soyoung jin
    This document discusses synapses and how drugs can affect them. It defines a synapse as the junction between two neurons, with neurotransmitters released by the presynaptic neuron diffusing across the synaptic cleft to activate receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. Specific examples discussed include cholinergic synapses using acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter and neuromuscular junctions. The document also explains how drugs can mimic, enhance, or inhibit neurotransmitters and their receptors, thereby altering synaptic transmission.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?

    v=6qS83wD29PY

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?
    v=WhowH0kb7n0&list=PLNZqyJnsvdMqFNFyHvMFrFnlX
    LosnwwB_&index=2

    Effect of drugs on our brain


    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tqwo9dmIXAQ
    This is an additional link with some very useful
    information
    http://www.biologymad.com/nervoussystem/synapses.htm
    What is a synapse?
     A synapse is the junction between 2
    neurones.
     There is a very narrow gap of about 20nm
    between neurones called the synaptic
    cleft.
     An action potential cannot cross the
    synaptic cleft, so nerve impulses are
    carried by chemicals called
    neurotransmitters.
    A Synapse
     Pre-synaptic neurone = neurone sending impulse
     Post-synaptic neurone = neurone receiving impulse
    Neurotransmitter
     Neurotransmitter is made by
    the pre-synaptic neurone and
    is stored in synaptic vessels
    at the end of the axon.
     The membrane of the post-
    synaptic neurone has
    chemical-gated ion channels
    called neuroreceptors.
    These have specific binding
    sites for neurotransmitters.
    Cholinergic Synapses

     Acetylcholine is a
    common transmitter.
     Synapses that have
    acetylcholine
    transmitter are
    called cholinergic
    synapses.  This is an electron
     Some neurones micrograph of
    form more than 1 synapses between
    synapse. nerve fibres and a
    neurone cell body.
    What happens at a cholinergic
    synapse? Stage 1
     An action potential
    arrives at presynaptic
    membrane. Voltage
    gated calcium
    channels in the
    presynaptic
    membrane open,
    calcium ions enter the
    presynaptic neurone.
    What happens at a cholinergic
    synapse? Stage 2

     Calcium ions cause


    synaptic vesicles to
    fuse with the
    presynaptic
    membrane,
    releasing
    acetylcholine into
    the synaptic cleft.
    What happens at a cholinergic
    synapse? Stage 3

     Acetylcholine
    diffuses cross the
    synaptic cleft and
    binds to specific
    neuroreceptor sites
    in the post synaptic
    membrane.
    What happens at a cholinergic
    synapse? Stage 4
     Sodium channels
    open. Sodium ions
    diffuse into the
    postsynaptic
    membrane causing
    depolarisation,
    which may initiate
    an action potential.
    What happens at a cholinergic
    synapse? Stage 5
     Acetylcholinesterase
    breaks down
    acetylcholine. The
    products diffuse back
    into the presynaptic
    neurone where
    acetycholine is
    resynthesised using
    ATP from the
    mitochondria.
    Neuromuscular Junctions
     Same stages as
    cholinergic synapses,
    but in this case the
    postsynaptic
    membrane is the
    muscle fibre
    membrane,
    (Sarcolemma).
    Depolarisation of the
    sarcolemma leads to
    contraction of muscle
    fibre.
    Drugs
     Drugs which have molecules of
    similar shape to transmitter
    substances can affect protein
    receptors in postsynaptic
    membranes.
     Drugs that stimulate a nervous
    system are called AGONISTS
     Drugs that inhibit a nervous
    system are called
    ANTAGONISTS.
    Various effects of drugs on
    synapses:
    DRUG ACTION EFFECT
       

    Mimic a neurotransmitter Switch on a synapse

    Stimulate the release of a Switch on a synapse


    neurotransmitter
    Open a neuroreceptor Switch on a synapse
    channel
    Block a neuroreceptor Switch off a synapse
    channel
    Inhibit the breakdown Switch on a synapse
    enzyme
    Inhibit the Na+K+ATPase Stop action potentials
    pump
    Block the Na+ or K+ Stop action potentials
    channels
    Effect of nicotine and atropine
    Summary
     A synapse is the point where 2 nerve cells
    meet. Tiny gap = synaptic cleft.
     Chemical transmitter released from
    presynaptic neurone diffuses across synaptic
    cleft & fits into receptors on postsynaptic
    membrane. May cause postsynaptic neurone
    to depolarise & set up action potential.
     Neuromuscular junction = motor neurone
    connects with muscle fibre – similar to a
    synapse.
     Many drugs affect synapses.

    You might also like