Introduction to Cloud

Computing
By

Dr. Patricia Ghann

2023
 What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and

accessing applications online. It offers online data storage,
infrastructure and application
What is Cloud Computing?
What Is The Basic Concepts Behind Cloud Computing

There are certain services and models working behind the scene
to make cloud computing feasible and accessible to end users.
Following are the working models for cloud computing:

•  Deployment Models

• Service models
 Deployment Models

• Deployment models define the type of access to the

cloud, i.e., how the cloud is located? Cloud can have
any of the four types of access:
• Public,
• Private,
• Hybrid
• Community.
Deployment Models
 Deployment Models
 PUBLIC CLOUD

•The Public Cloud allows systems and services to be easily accessible to the general public. Public cloud may be less secure because of its

openness, e.g., e-mail.

 PRIVATE CLOUD

•The Private Cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization. It offers increased security because of its private nature.

 COMMUNITY CLOUD

•The Community Cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by group of organizations.

 HYBRID CLOUD

•The Hybrid Cloud is mixture of public and private cloud. However, the critical activities are performed using private cloud while the non-critical

activities are performed using public cloud.

 SERVICE MODELS

Service Models are the reference models on which the Cloud

Computing is based. These can be categorized into three basic
service models as listed below:

1.Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

2.Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3.Software as a Service (SaaS)
SERVICE MODELS
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS)

IaaS provides access to fundamental resources such as”

physical machines,
virtual machines,
virtual storage, etc.
PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PAAS)

PaaS provides the runtime environment for applications,

development & deployment tools, etc.

Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS is a model of software deployment where an
application is hosted as a service provided to
customers across the Internet.
Saas alleviates the burden of software
maintenance/support
 but users relinquish control over software versions and
requirements.
Terms that are used in this sphere include
 Platform as a Service (PaaS) and
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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 Cloud Service Models
Software as a Platform as a Infrastructure as a
Service (SaaS) Service (PaaS) Service (IaaS)

SalesForce CRM

LotusLive

Google
App
Engine

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance 13
Virtualization
 Virtual workspaces:
 An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made
dynamically available to authorized clients by using well-defined
protocols,
 Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share),
 Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services).
 Implement on Virtual Machines (VMs):
 Abstraction of a physical host machine,
 Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from VMs, and allows
management of VMs, App App App
 VMWare, Xen, etc. OS OS OS

 Provide infrastructure API: Hypervisor

 Plug-ins to hardware/support structures Hardware

Virtualized Stack
 Virtual Machines
• VM technology allows multiple virtual machines to
run on a single physical machine.
App App App App App
Xen
Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS
(Linux) (NetBSD) (Windows)
VMWare
VM VM VM

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor

UML

Hardware
Denali
etc.
Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical
performance!
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Basic Cloud Characteristics
The “no-need-to-know” in terms of the underlying
details of infrastructure, applications interface with
the infrastructure via the APIs.
The “flexibility and elasticity” allows these systems
to scale up and down at will
 utilising the resources of all kinds
 CPU, storage, server capacity, load balancing, and databases
The “pay as much as used and needed” type of
utility computing and the “always on!, anywhere
and any place” type of network-based computing.

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Basic Cloud Characteristics
• Cloud are transparent to users and applications, they
can be built in multiple ways
• branded products, proprietary open source, hardware or
software, or just off-the-shelf PCs.
• In general, they are built on clusters of PC servers and
off-the-shelf components plus Open Source software
combined with in-house applications and/or system
software.

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Cloud-Sourcing
Why is it becoming a Big Deal:
 Using high-scale/low-cost providers,
 Any time/place access via web browser,
 Rapid scalability; incremental cost and load sharing,
 Can forget need to focus on local IT.
Concerns:
 Performance, reliability, and SLAs,
 Control of data, and service parameters,
 Application features and choices,
 Interaction between Cloud providers,
 No standard API – mix of SOAP and REST!
 Privacy, security, compliance, trust…
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What is the purpose and benefits?

Cloud computing enables companies and applications,

which are system infrastructure dependent, to be
infrastructure-less.
By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used and on
demand”, all of us can save in capital and operational
investment!
Clients can:
 Put their data on the platform instead of on their own desktop
PCs and/or on their own servers.
 They can put their applications on the cloud and use the servers
within the cloud to do processing and data manipulations etc.

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Some Commercial Cloud Offerings

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Advantages of Cloud Computing
Lower computer costs:
 You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to
run cloud computing's web-based applications.
 Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC,
your desktop PC does not need the processing power or hard
disk space demanded by traditional desktop software.
 When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be
less expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more
efficient processor...
 In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or
DVD drive, as no software programs have to be loaded and no
document files need to be saved.

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 CHALLENGES

• SECURITY & PRIVACY

• LOCK-IN

• ISOLATION FAILURE

• MANAGEMENT INTERFACE COMPROMISE

• INSECURE OR INCOMPLETE DATA DELETION