Maximum endurance is achieved at the minimum power setting required to maintain level, unaccelerated flight. This summary provides an overview of how to experimentally determine the power setting for maximum endurance by gradually reducing power in level flight until altitude is lost, then increasing power slightly. Key factors that affect endurance are also outlined, such as altitude, weight, flaps, turbulence, and properly leaning the fuel mixture. Safety considerations like maintaining a lookout and checking airspeed in turbulence are also discussed.
Maximum endurance is achieved at the minimum power setting required to maintain level, unaccelerated flight. This summary provides an overview of how to experimentally determine the power setting for maximum endurance by gradually reducing power in level flight until altitude is lost, then increasing power slightly. Key factors that affect endurance are also outlined, such as altitude, weight, flaps, turbulence, and properly leaning the fuel mixture. Safety considerations like maintaining a lookout and checking airspeed in turbulence are also discussed.
Maximum endurance is achieved at the minimum power setting required to maintain level, unaccelerated flight. This summary provides an overview of how to experimentally determine the power setting for maximum endurance by gradually reducing power in level flight until altitude is lost, then increasing power slightly. Key factors that affect endurance are also outlined, such as altitude, weight, flaps, turbulence, and properly leaning the fuel mixture. Safety considerations like maintaining a lookout and checking airspeed in turbulence are also discussed.
Maximum endurance is achieved at the minimum power setting required to maintain level, unaccelerated flight. This summary provides an overview of how to experimentally determine the power setting for maximum endurance by gradually reducing power in level flight until altitude is lost, then increasing power slightly. Key factors that affect endurance are also outlined, such as altitude, weight, flaps, turbulence, and properly leaning the fuel mixture. Safety considerations like maintaining a lookout and checking airspeed in turbulence are also discussed.
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EX 10 ENDURANCE
(Part 1) Objective
• Learn how to stay in the air the longest time per unit of fuel consumed Motivation
• Understanding how to set up our aircraft for endurance will help
us save on fuel
• Safety will be enhanced by not running out of fuel
link
• Typically use endurance in straight and level
• Very good training Required to understand this before moving on to slow flight • Diversions lost procedure setting up diversion • Waiting for Wx (Fog), Busy airspace, don't want to burn fuel • Holding over • Broken down plane on runway, flat tire, Tkt
1.How do you change airspeed in level flight?
2.How do you lean the mixture? 3.Two types of drag? 4.What does “maximum endurance” tell you? 5.How does power setting affect endurance? 6.What is parasite drag and induced drag? ENDURANCE • The length of time an aircraft may remain airborne for a given power setting and depending on the amount of fuel carried is called endurance.
• How long you can stay in the air per unit of fuel consumed.
• High power setting= Reduced endurance
• Low power setting= Increased endurance
• Dependant on:
• Amount of fuel, Mixture, weight, air density (altitude)
• So we basically want to find the lowest power setting that will allow us to stay straight and level and not descent Power Curve
• 4. Reduce power in 100 RPM intervals and maintain level flight (trim and control yaw as required)
• 5. Reduce until the aircraft is at a safe speed but unable to maintain altitude by pitching upwards
• 6. Increase power to the last RPM setting before altitude loss occurred
• 7. Lean mixture Recovery
• Power - increase power to cruise RPM, control yaw
• Attitude - set cruise attitude and airspeed
• Trim – to relieve control pressure
Factors Effecting Endurance 1. ALTITUDE: Air being more dense at sea level, more lift can be produced for a given power setting which translates to less power required to maintain level flight. (less fuel cons.), more endurance
2. WEIGHT: more weight means more power to keep level flight and consequently more fuel needed. This decreases endurance
3. FLAPS: Flaps reduce endurance because of the extra drag they carry.
4. TURBULENCE: constant change of power to keep level flight in turbulent air cumulatively reduces endurance because more fuel is used in the process-(compare with car)
5. WIND: wind does not affect endurance performance
Safety
• Lookout
• Be cautious of blind spots if flying with a nose-up attitude
• Increase speed 5-10kt if turbulent
• Cockpit checks(pre-descent) before commencing the exercise.
summary
• Endurance at a particular configuration is determined using POH charts.
• Maximum endurance is staying airborne for as long a time as possible for
the amount of fuel on board (Determined experimentally).
• Endurance is affected by altitude, weight, flaps & turbulence.
• Mixture has to be leaned properly to achieve maximum endurance.
Review Questions
1.What is maximum endurance? Minimum power setting to
keep us… 2.Using the charts determine endurance for 65% power at 5000 ft. 3.What power setting would be used in the previous example? 4.How to set up for maximum endurance while in the air? 5.What factors affect endurance?
Hamad International Airport (IATA DOH, ICAO OTHH) is an International Airport in Qatar, And the Home Base of the National Flag Carrier Airline, Qatar Airways. Located East of the Capital, Doha, i
Hamad International Airport (IATA DOH, ICAO OTHH) is an International Airport in Qatar, And the Home Base of the National Flag Carrier Airline, Qatar Airways. Located East of the Capital, Doha, i
