Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

Multivariable Calculus

Unit: 1

MATHEMATICAL Mohit Tyagi

FOUNDATION – II
Mathematics Department
B Tech 2nd Sem

Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 1

07/16/2023
 Content
• Multiple integration: Double integral, Triple integral
• Change of order of integration
• Change of variables
• Application: Areas and volumes, Center of mass (Constant and
variable densities)
• Improper Integral
• Beta and Gama function
• Dirichlet’s Integral and its applications.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-204 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 2

 Course Objective

• The objective of this course is to familiarize the engineering

students with techniques of solving matrices, differential
calculus, multivariable calculus problems. It aims to equip the
students with adequate knowledge of mathematics that will
enable them in formulating problems and solving problems
analytically.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 3

 Unit Objective

• The use of multiple integral in finding area, volume, mass, centroid

and moment of inertia of plane and solid regions.

• The students will learn the essential concepts of multiple integration

(Double integral, Triple integral), Change of order of integration,
Change of variables, Areas and volumes, Center of mass and center
of gravity (Constant and variable densities), in a comprehensive
manner.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 4

 Course Outcomes 2020-21 (B. Tech. – 2nd Sem)

Course Name: Mathematical Foundation-II

CO1 Apply multiple integral to find area and volume.

CO2 Apply the concept of differentiation to solve differential equations.

CO3 Illustrate the solution of partial differential equation of second

order.

CO4 Apply the Laplace transform to solve ordinary differential

equations

Demonstrate the basic concept Proportion & Partnership, Problem

CO5 of ages, Allegation & Mixture, Direction, Blood relation , Simple &
Compound interest
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 5
 Program Outcomes (PO)
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics,
science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering
specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature,
and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated
conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences,
and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex
engineering problems and design system components or
processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based
knowledge and research methods including design of experiments,
analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions.
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 6
 Program Outcomes (PO)

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,

resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction
and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding
of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues
and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the
professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental
contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 7

 Program Outcomes (PO)
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as
a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10.Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering
activities with the engineering community and with society at large,
such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and
design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
11.Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the engineering and management principles and
apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team,
to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation
and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the
broadest context of technological change.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 8

 CO-PO Mapping 2020-21 (B. Tech. – 2nd Sem)

Course Name: Mathematical Foundation-II

CO PO-1 PO-2 PO-3 PO-4 PO-5 PO-6 PO-7 PO-8 PO-9 PO-10 PO-11 PO-12

CO1 3 2 1 1 3 2 - - - 2 2 3
CO2 3 3 2 3 3 - - - - 2 3 3
CO3 3 2 3 3 3 2 - - - 2 3 3
CO4 3 2 3 3 2 2 - - - 2 2 3
CO5 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - 2 - 3
Mean 2.6 2 2 2.2 2.4 2.0 - - - 2 2.5 3

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 9

 Prerequisite and Recap

 Function of one and two variables

 Basic knowledge of differentiation and integration

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 10

 Topic Objective

Multiple Integral (CO 1)

• Student will be able to evaluate multiple Integrals that are
used to evaluate area, volume, mass, moment of inertia of
plane & solid region.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 11

 Double Integral (CO 1)
• Let f(x, y) be a continuous and single valued function of x & y
defined over a simple region R bounded by a closed curve C.
• Subdivide the region R by drawing lines parallel to co-ordinate
axes. Number the rectangles which are inside R in some order
say 1 to n.
• Choose an arbitrary point (,) inside the r th rectangle whose
area is δ. Consider the sum

n
Sn   f  xi , y j  Ar
r 1

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 12

 Evaluation of Double Integration (CO 1)
The limit of this sum as n→ and δ→0 is defined as the double integral
of f(x, y) over the region R and is denoted by
I   f x, y dA   f x, y dxdy
R R
In other words
bd n

 f (x, y)dxdy lim  f (x , y ) A  f (x , y ) A  f (x , y ) A ....  f (x , y ) A 

a c
n
r1
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 n n n

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 13

 Evaluation of Double Integration (CO 1)
CASE I :
Let the region R be the rectangular region expressed in the form
R  x, y  : a  x  b, c  y  d 
In this case the limits, both for x and y is constants, so it is immaterial
whether we first integrate w.r.t. x, or w.r.t. y.
b d
bd

 f x , y dxdy   
R a c
f x , y dydx     f x , y dx dy
c a 

Note: The two approaches yield the same answer.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 14

 Evaluation of Double Integration (CO 1)
CASE 2 :
Let the region R be expressed in the form
R   x, y  : a  x  b, g1(x)  y  g2 (x)
In this case the limits of x are constants, but for y limits are as
functions of x, so here we first integrate w.r.t.y and then w.r.t.x. Thus
b g2 ( x) b
 g2 ( x) f ( x, y) dy d x
a g1 ( x )
f ( x, y) dxdy  
a  g1( x) 

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 15

 Evaluation of Double Integration (CO 1)
CASE 3 :
Let the region R be expressed in the form
R   x, y  : h1(x)  x  h2 (x), c  y  d
In this case the limits of y are constants, but for x limits are as
functions of y, so here we first integrate w. r. to x and then w.r.to y.
Thus
d h2 ( x ) d
 h2 ( x) f ( x, y) dx d y
 
c h1 ( x)
f ( x, y) dxdy  
c  h1( x) 

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 16

 Triple Integral (CO 1)
Now we know that how to integrate over a two-dimensional region.
We’ll use triple integral to integrate over a three dimensional region. 
The notation for the general triple integrals is

CASE 1: If the limits of x, y, z all are constants-

s d b

 f x , y , z dV
V
    f x , y , z dxdydz
r c a

CASE 2: The limits involving two variables are kept innermost, and
then limit involving one variable and finally the constant limits.
z2 b y2 2  x x2  f2  y , z 

 f  x, y, z  dV     f  x, y, z  dxdydz
V z1a y1 1 x x1 f1 y ,z 

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 17

 Problem on double Integration
Question:1.

Solution:

Mohit Tyagi AAS-0204 (MATHS I)

07/16/2023 18
Unit Number-4
 Problem on double Integration

Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I)

07/16/2023 19
Unit Number-4
 Problem on double Integration

Question:2.

Solution:

Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I)

07/16/2023 20
Unit Number-4
 Problem on double Integration

Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I)

07/16/2023 21
Unit Number-4
 Problem on double Integration

1 x2 x

Question:3. Evaluate e

y
dydx
0 0

Solution: 1 x 2 x2 1
y 1
e  y/ x  e x  1
0 0 e dydx
x
 0 1/ x  dx   dx
0
1/ x 
0

1 1
  xex dx   xdx
0 0

2 1 1
x 
x 1
  xe  e    
x 
0
 2 0 2

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 22

 Problem on double Integration

1 y

Question:4. Evaluate   xye

 x2
dxdy
0 0
Solution:
y 1
 e x 
 
1 y 2
1
1  y2
 x2
0 0 xye dxdy  0 y  2  dy    ye  y dy
20
 0
1
1 e y 
2
 y 2
   
2  2 2 
0

1 1
  e1  1 1 
4 4e

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 23

 Problem on double Integration

3 4
Question:5. Evaluate  0 1
x 2 ydxdy

Solution: 3 4 x  3 3 4

 x ydxdy   y   dy
2
0 1
0  3 1
3
1
  y (64  1)dy
30
3
63  y  2

3  2  0

63 169
 9 
6 2

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 24

 Problem on double Integration

Question:6.

2 x3 y
E valuate e dxdy over the triangle bounded by
x  0, y  0 and x  y  1.
Solution: 1 1-x
 e dxdy   
2 x 3 y
e2 x3 y dydx
0 0

1 1 1 x
e 2 x 3 y
1
  dy   ( e 3 x
 e 2x
)dx
0
3 0 30
1
1 1 
  e3 x  e 2 x 
3 2 0
1  2 1 2  3 1 
  e  e    e   
3 2  2 

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 25

 Problem on double Integration
1
1 1 
I   e3 x  e2 x 
3 2 0

1  2 1 2  3 1 
  e  e    e   
3 2  2 

1 1  1 
  e 2  e 2    e3   
3 2  2 

1 3 1
I   e3  e 2  
6 2 2

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 26

 Problem on double Integration

Question:7.

Solution:

Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I)

07/16/2023 27
Unit Number-4
 Problem on double Integration

Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I)

07/16/2023 28
Unit Number-4
 Problem on double Integration

Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I)

07/16/2023 29
Unit Number-4
 Problem on double Integration

Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I)

07/16/2023 30
Unit Number-4
 Question 8
Question: Evaluate over the region bounded by 1< x < 2, 0 < y < 2,
and 1 < z < 2.

2
Solution:
2 2 2 2 2
 x3 
I     x yzdxdydz    yz   dydz
2

1 0 1 1 0  3 1
2 2
2 2
8 1 7 y  2

   yz    dydz   z   dz
1 0 3 3 3 1  2 0

2
7  4
2
14  z  2 14  4 1 
  z   dz       
3 1 2 3  2 1 3 2 2

I 7

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 31

 FAQ
1. Evaluate [G.B.T.U. 2010] Ans:

1 1
dxdy
2. Evaluate  2 2
. Ans:
0 0 (1  x )(1  y )
3. Find the value of the integral where R is the region
bounded by the x-axis, ordinate x = 2a and the curve x2 = 4ay.
[M.T.U.2012; G.B.T.U.(C.O) 2010] Ans: :

4. Evaluate the triple integral over the region bounded by 0< x< 1,
1< y< 2, and 2< z < 3.[AKTU. 2016]
Ans:
5. Evaluate the triple integral .
Ans:

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 32

 Quiz
3 2
  
0 1
(3x  2 y)d xd y  ..............

• =…………………..

1 1 1

∫ ∫ ∫ (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = … … … … . .
0 0 0

1 2 3

∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = … … … … . .
0 1 2

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 33

 Faculty Video Links, Youtube & NPTEL Video Links and
Online Courses Details

• Double Integral
• NPTEL: Lecture 17 – Double Integral
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BbrC9JcjOU

• NPTEL: Lecture 30 – Double Integral

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DduB46CoZY

• Triple Integral
• NPTEL: Lecture 22– Triple Integral
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VvKAuFBJLs0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 34

 Recap

 Double Integral

 Triple Integral

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 35

 Topic Objective

Change of order of integration (CO 1)

• Students will be able to evaluate integral by change of order of

integration.

• Sometimes evaluation of double integral become easier by

changing the order of integration. e.g.


e y
0 x y dydx

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 36

 Change of order of integration (CO 1)

• To change the order of integration first, draw the region of

integration with the help of limits of integration.

• Secondly, draw vertical or horizontal strips as per the required order

of integration.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 37

 Change of order of integration (CO 1)
Case 1: If both the limits are constant
In double integration if both the limits are constant, then the order of
integration is immaterial, provided the limits of integrations are
changed accordingly.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 38

 Change of order of integration (CO 1)
Case 2: Suppose the limits for inner integration are functions of
any variable

• Identify the region of integration of double integration.

• Convert the given double integral into its equivalent double

integral by changing the order of integration.

• Find the new limits of integration.

• After finding the new limits, evaluate the integral.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 39

 Problem on change of integration
1 ey

Question:9. Change the order of integration   f ( x , y ) dx dy .

0 1
Solution: First we draw the limits of integral. Here limit of x is in
variable terms and limits of y are constant (horizontal strip).
So for changing order we consider vertical strip .

1 ey  1
e 
 f ( x , y ) d x dy     f ( x , y ) d y  d x
1  
0 1  log x
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 40
 Problem on change of integration
1 e
dydx
Question:10. Change the order of integration 
0 ex
log y
.

Solution: According to given limits region bounded by following curves:

y  e x , y  e , x  0, x  1
It can also be considered as bounded by following curves:

x  0, x  log y , y  1, y  e

1 e e log y
dydx dxdy

0e x

log y 1 0
log y

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 41

 Problem on change of integration

e l og y
dxdy
I  
1 0
log y
e log y
 x 
  dy
1 
log y 0

  y 1
e
  dy
1

I  e 1

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 42

 Problem on change of integration
1 2 x

Question:11. Change the order of integration and evaluate   xydydx .

0 x2

Solution: According to given limits region bounded by following curves:

y  x 2 , y  2  x , x  0, x  1
1 2 x 1 y 2 2 y

  xydydx    xydxdy    xydxdy

0 x2 0 0 1 0

1 y 2 2 y
x  2
x  2
 y   dy   y   dy
0 
2 0 1  2 0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 43

 Problem on change of integration
1 2
1 1
I   y dy   y (2  y ) 2 dy
2

2 0 2 1
21

1 y  3
1

3 2
    ( y  4 y  4 y ) dy
2  3 0 2 1
3 4 2
1 1 2 4y y 
  2y   
6 2 3 4 1

3
I 
8

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 44

 Problem on change of integration
Question:12.

Solution:

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 45

 Problem on change of integration

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 46

 FAQ
1. Evaluate by changing the order of integration:[GBTU-2010] Ans:

2. Evaluate by changing the order of integration:. [UPTU2006, MTU.

2013] Ans:

3. Evaluate by changing the order of integration:. [UKTU-2010, UPTU-

2015] Ans:

4. Evaluate by changing the order of integration:. [MTU 2012]

Ans:

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 47

 Quiz

• After changing order imits are………………..

• After changing order limits are………………..

• After changing order limits are………………..

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 48

 Faculty Video Links, Youtube & NPTEL Video Links and
Online Courses Details

• Change of order of integration

• NPTEL: Lecture 21– Change of order of integration

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rc3w1sGoNU

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 49

 Recap

 Change of order of integration

 Evaluate integrals

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 50

 Topic Objective

Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals (CO 1)

• Students will be able to understand the concepts of change of

variables.
• When solving integration problems, we make appropriate
substitutions to obtain an integral that becomes much simpler
than the original integral.

• Students will transforme double integrals in rectangular

coordinates to polar coordinates and transformed triple
integrals in rectangular coordinates to cylindrical or spherical
coordinates to make the computations simpler. 

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 51

 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals (CO 1)

Let the variables x, y be replaced by new variables u, v by the transformation

x   (u, v)
y  (u, v)
then

  f ( x , y ) dx dy    f  (u , v ), (u , v )  J du dv
x x
 ( x, y ) u v
where, Jacobian J  
 (u , v ) y y
u v

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 52

 Change of Variables Polar Form (CO 1)
Suppose that we want to integrate f(x,y) over the region R under the
transformation then by change of variable:

x  r cos
y  r sin

then  f  x , y  dxdy   F  r ,  
R S
J drd 

x x
 ( x, y ) r 
where, Jacobian J   r
 ( r , ) y y
r 

 f x, y dxdy   F r ,  rdrd 

R S

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 53

 Change of Variables Spherical Form (CO 1)
Suppose that we want to integrate f(x,y,z) over the region V under the
transformation Cartesian to spherical form:
x  r sin cos
y  r sin sin 
z  r cos
then

 f  x , y , z  dxdydz   F  r ,  ,   J

V V
drd  d 

 ( x, y, z )
where, Jacobian J   r 2 sin 
 ( r , ,  )

 f  x , y , z  dxdydz   F  r ,  ,   r 2

sin  drd  d 
V V

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 54

 Change of Variables Cylindrical Form (CO 1)
Suppose that we want to integrate f(x,y,z) over the region V under the
transformation Cartesian to cylindrical form:
x  r cos
y  r sin
zz
then

 f  x , y , z  dxdydz   F  r ,  , z  J

V V
drd  dz

 ( x, y , z )
where, Jacobian J  r
 (r , , z )

 f  x , y , z  dxdydz   F r ,  , z  rdrd  dz

V V

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 55

 Problem on polar coordinates
Question:13.
Evaluate the following by changing into polar coordinates
a a2  y2

 
0 0
y 2 x 2  y 2 dxdy

Solution: x  r cos
y  r sin
a a2  y2

I   
0 0
y 2 x 2  y 2 dxdy

 /2 a

 
2 2
 r sin  .r .rdrd 
0 0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 56

 Problem on polar coordinates

 /2 a

 
2 2
I  r sin  .r .rdrd 
0 0

 /2 5 a
r 

2
   sin  d 
0  5 0

a5 1 
 . .
5 2 2

 a5
I 
20

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 57

 Problem on spherical polar coordinates
Question:14.
Evaluate the follow ing through the volum e of the sphere
x 2  y 2  z 2  1 by changing into spherical polar coord inates

 dxdydz
2
z

x  r sin cos
Solution:
 z
2
I  dxdydz y  r sin sin 
z  r cos
2  1

 
2 2 2
 r cos  .r sin  drd  d 
0 0 0

2  1

 
2 2 2
 r cos  .r sin  drd  d 
0 0 0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 58

 Problem on spherical polar coordinates

2  1 2  1
r  5

 r  0  5 
2
I  4 2
cos  .sin  drd  d   cos  .sin  d  d 
0 0 0 0 0

2  / 2 2  / 2
2 2

5  
0 0
cos 2  .sin  d  d  
5  
0 0
(sin   sin 3  )d  d 

2
2
 2 2 1
   cos  0  3 d 
 /2
 . .2

5 
0
5 3

4
I 
15

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 59

 Problem on change of variables
Question:15.
Evaluate  sin( x  2 y) cos( x  2 y) dA,
R
over the region R. R is

the region bounded by x  0, y  0 and x  2 y  2 . Change the variables

x,y to u , v, where x  2 y  u , x - 2 y  v

Solution:
Let x+2y=u and x-2y=v

S1 : y  0, then u  x, v  x or u  v
( x, y )  (2 ,0) to (0,0)  (u, v)  (2 , 2 ) to (0,0)

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 60

 Problem on change of variables

S2 : x  0, then u  2 y, v  2 y or u  v
( x, y)  (0,0) to (0,  )  (u, v)  (0,0) to ( 2 , 2 )

S3 : x  2 y  2 , then u  2
(x, y)  (0, ) to (2 ,0)  (u, v)  (2 , 2 ) to (2 ,2 )

The Jacobian matrix is

x x 1 1
 ( x, y ) u v  2 2   1

 (u , v) y y 1

1 4
u v 4 2

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 61

 Problem on change of variables
1
R sin( x  2 y) cos( x  2 y)dA  S sin u cos v  4 dA '
1 2 u
   sin u cos vdvdu
4 0 u

1 2 u
  sin u sin v du
4 0 u

1 2 2
  sin udu
2 0
1 2 
  (1  cos 2u )du 
4 0 2

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 62

 Problem on change of variables
Example .16.

Sol.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 63

 Problem on change of variables

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 64

 Problem on change of variables

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 65

 Problem on change of variables

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 66

 FAQ
1. Changing the following integral to polar coordinates and hence
evaluate .[GBTU 2012] Ans:

1 1 x 2 1 x 2  y 2
2. Evaluate    dzdydx by changing to spherical polar
,
co-ordinates.0 0 Ans:0 1  x2  y2  z2

3. Evaluate by changing the variables, where R is the region bounded

by the parallelogram. [UPTU-2007]Ans:

4. Evaluate the integral by changing to polar coordinate where R is the

region in xy-plane bounded by the circles and . [U.P.T.U.(SUM) 2009]
Ans:

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 67

 Quiz

• Replace x with …………………. in changing Cartesian to polar form .

• Replace z with …………………. in changing Cartesian to spherical

polar form .

• C

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 68

 Faculty Video Links, Youtube & NPTEL Video Links and
Online Courses Details

• Change of variable

• NPTEL: Lecture 11– Change of variables

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6kp2o3mGtA&t=1003s

• NPTEL: Lecture 22– Change of variables in multiple integral

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtY5fx6VMGQ&t=1151s

• NPTEL: Lecture 35– Triple integrals

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I3HUeHi1Ys&t=1933s

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 69

 Recap

 Change of variables

 Polar form

 Spherical form

 Cylindrical form

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 70

 Topic Objective

Applications: Area and Volume (CO 1)

• In engineering, volume and area are very important. With this

students can figure out density, capacitance, flux, and many
other things.

• One very useful application of Integration is finding the area and

volume of “curved” figures, that we couldn’t typically get
without using Calculus.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 71

 Applications: Area and Volume (CO 1)

Area as a Double integration:

Area of region R for Cartesian co-ordinates:

A   dxdy
R

Volume as a Triple integration:

Volume V of region for Cartesian co-ordinates :

V   dxdydz
V

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 72

 Applications: Centre of Mass (CO 1)

Centre of mass:
For a region R of a lamina with given density:

Mass of R = M =   ( x, y)dxdy
R

Moment with respect to x - axis = M x =  y  ( x, y)dxdy

R

Moment with respect to y - axis = M y =  x ( x, y)dxdy

R

 Mx My 
Centre of Mass of R = ( x, y )=  , 
 M M 

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 73

 Area and Volume
Question:16.
Evaluate the area between the parabola y  x 2 and the line y  x.

Solution: Here y  x 2 ..........(1)

y  x............(2)
On solving (1) and (2) we get
x  0, y  0 and x  1, y  1

Limits of y are y  x 2 and y  x

Limits of x are x  0 and x  1
1 x
A   dxdy    dydx
R 0 x2

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 74

 Area and Volume
1 x x
1
A   dydx
0 x 2
 y dx
0 x2

1
x x  2 3
  
 2 3 0
2 3 1
x x 
  
 2 3 0

1 1
  
2 3
1
I 
6

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 75

 Area and Volume
Question:
Evaluate the area bounded by the curves x y  2, 4 y  x 2 and y  4.
Solution: Here xy  2
4y  x 2
y4

The required area is ABC.

4 2 y
A   dxdy
R
  
1 2
dxdy
y

4 2 y

  x 
1
2
dy
y

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 76

 Area and Volume
4 2 y

A  x
1
2
dy
y

4
 2
   2 y  dy
1 
y
3/ 2 4
 2. y 
 2  log y 
 3 1

 32 4
  2 log 4  
 3 3
28
I   4 log 2
3

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 77

 Area and Volume
Question:
Find the volume of region bounded by the planes x = 0, y  0, z  0
and x+ y  z  a .
a a x a x y
Solution: V  dxdydz 
 V
  
x 0 y 0 z 0
dxdydz
a ax

  z 
a x y
V  dydx
0
x0 y 0

a ax
  
x 0 y 0
( a  x  y )dydx

ax
 2 
a
y
   ax  xy   dx

x0 2  0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 78

 Area and Volume

a
 a2 x2 
V     ax  dx
x 0 
2 2 

a
 a 2 x ax 2 x 3 
V    
 2 2 6 0

1 1 1
V  a3    
2 2 6

a3
V 
6

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 79

 Center of Mass
Question: A triangular thin plate with vertices (0,0), (1,0) and (1,1) has
density . Then find :
(i) The mass of the plate (ii)The position of its Centre of mass .
Solution:
Mass of R = M =   ( x, y)dxdy
R
1 x
M=   (1  x  y)dydx
0 0

1 x 1
 y2   x 2

=   y  xy   dx =   x  x  dx
2

0
2 0 0
2
1
 x 2 3x 3 
M   1
 2 3  2 0
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 80
 Center of Mass

 Mx My 
Centre of Mass of R = ( x, y)=  , 
 M M 
Moment with respect to x - axis = M x =  y ( x, y)dxdy
R
1 x 1 x
 y 2 xy y 3
 2
M x =   y (1  x  y )dydx =  
0 0

0
2 2
  dx
3 0
1 1
 x 2 5 x3   x3 5 x 4   x3 5 x 4 
1
=   dx =   = 
0
2 6   6 24 0 
 6 24 0

1 5 9
Mx =  
6 24 24

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 81

 Center of Mass

Moment with respect to y - axis = M y =  x ( x, y)dxdy

R
1 x 1 x
 xy  2
My =  x (1  x  y ) dydx =   xy  x y 
2
 dx
2 0
0 0 0
1
 2 3x3   x 3x 
3 4 1
=  x  dx = 
 2  
0
 3 2  4 0
1 3 17
My=  
3 8 24

 9 17 
Centre of Mass of R = ( x, y )=  , 
 24 24 

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 82

 FAQ
1. Find by double integration area of the region enclosed by the curve
in the first quadrant.
[UPTU 2014, MTU (C.O.) 13]Ans:

2. Find the volume of integral , where Ans:

3. Find the volume bounded by the cylinder and the planes &. [GBTU-
2010,MTU-2011] Ans:

4. A triangular thin plate with vertices (0,0), (2,0) and (2,4) has density .
Then find : (i) The mass of the plate (ii)The position of its centre of
gravity G.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 83

 Quiz

• Area enclosed between the parabola y = x2 and the straight line y = x

is………..

• If a circle x2 +y2 =a2 is rotated about x axis the volume is………

• Area of ellipse is………..

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 84

 Faculty Video Links, Youtube & NPTEL Video Links and
Online Courses Details

• Area and Volume

• NPTEL: Lecture 20 – Multiple Integral

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIeeVrv447s

• Volume as triple integral

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIpQYY3uzT4

• Centre of Mass

• Double integral finding mass and center of mass

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJDRwKGfKD

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 85

 Weekly Assignment 1 (CO 1)

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 86

 Recap

 Application of integrals

 Area

 Volume

 Centre of mass

 Discussion on assignment

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 87

 Improper Integral (CO 1)
b
T h e d efin ite in teg ral 
a
f ( x ) d x is called a n im p ro p er in te g ra l if

eith er o r b o th th e co n d itio n s o f p ro p e r in teg ral a re n o t sa tisfied , th u s-

i) Either a, or b or both a, b is not finite.

or
ii) The integrand f ( x) is infinite for any value in [a, b].

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 88

 Improper Integral of First Kind (CO 1)
b

The definite integral a f ( x)dx is called an improper integral of first kind if

either a or b or both a and b are infinite. For example:
 
dx
 dx  x 2  2 x  2
2x
e
a

 b
if finite then integral is convergent

a
f ( x ) dx  lim  f ( x ) dx 
b 
a  if infinite then integral is divergent

b b
if finite then integral is convergent


f ( x ) dx  lim
a   a
f ( x ) dx 
 if infinite then integral is divergent

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 89

 Improper Integral of Second Kind (CO 1)
b

The definite integral a f ( x ) dx is called an improper integral of second kind if

both a and b are finite but integrand becomes infinite at some point of the
range.

b b

 f ( x)dx  lim 
a
 0
a 
f ( x)dx , if x  a is a singularity.
b b 

 f ( x)dx  lim 
a
 0
a
f ( x)dx , if x  b is a singularity.

b c  b

 f ( x)dx  lim 
a
 0
a
f ( x)dx + lim
 0 
c 
f ( x)dx , if x  c is a singularity (a  c  b) .

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 90

 Improper Integral of Third Kind (CO 1)
b

The definite integral a f ( x)dx

is called an improper integral of third kind if
interval of integration is unbounded and f is also unbounded. For example


e x
0 x dx

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 91

 Example 1

dx
Question: T e s t th e c o n v e rg e n c e o f 
1
x 3/ 2
.

Solution: t
 t
 
1 
dx x 2 
1 x3/2 t  1 dx
3/2
= lim x = lim  
t  1
 
 2 1
t
 1  1 
= lim(2)   = (-2) lim   1
t 
 x 1 t 
 t 

=  2 0  1  2 ( finite)

dx
Hence 1 x3/ 2 is convergent.
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 92
 Example 2

Question: Test the convergence of  xe x dx
1
 t
Solution:  xe x dx = lim  xe x dx = lim  x(e x )  (e  x )  t
t  t   1
1 1

= lim  te t  e t  ( e 1  e 1 ) 
t 

 t  t
= lim  t  e t  2 e 1  = lim    lim e t  2lim e 1
t  e t  et
    t  t 

 1  2 2
= lim  t   0   (finite)
t  e e e
 

2
Hence  xe dx converges to .
x

1
e
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 93
 Example 3
0

Question: Test the convergence of  sinh x.



Solution:
0 0
e x  e x 1 x 0
 sinh x = tlim
 
x
dx = lim e  e 
t
2 2 t  t

1
= lim e0  e0  (et  e t ) 
2 t 
1 1
=  2  (e  e )  = 2  (  0)  
 

2 2
0
Hence  sinh x diverges.


07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 94

 Topic Objective

Beta and Gamma Function (CO 1)

• Students will be able to understand the concepts of beta and

Gamma function and solve integration by using them .
• Many complex integrals can be reduced to expressions involving
the beta and Gamma function.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 95

 Gamma Function (CO 1)

If n is positive then the definite integral  e  x x n 1dx , n  0, which is
0

a function of n,is called the Gamma function and denoted by n.


n   e  x x n 1dx , n  0
0

Properties of Gamma Function

11

n  1  n n , n is positive real number

n  1  n , n is positive integer

n 1
n , n is negative number
n
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 96
 Transformations of Gamma Function (CO 1)
Transformation 1:

n  k n  e  kx x n 1dx , n  0
0

Transformation 2:
1 n 1
  1 
n    log    dx; n  0
0   x 

Transformation 3:

1  x1 n
n  e dx
n0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 97

 Beta Function (CO 1)
1 n 1
If m, n are positive then the definite integral 
0
x m 1
1  x  dx , which is
a function of m and n,is called the Beta function and denoted by  ( m, n).

1 n 1
  m, n    x m 1
1  x  dx , m  0, n  0
0

Properties of Beta Function

  m, n     n, m  , Beta function is symmetric.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 98

 Transformations of Beta Function (CO 1)

Transformation 1:

x m 1
 m, n    dx;
1  x 
mn
0

Transformation 2:
 2
 m, n   2  sin 2 m 1  cos 2 n 1  d 
0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 99

 Important Results (CO 1)
1. Relation between Beta and Gamma function: m n
 (m, n) 
( m  n)
 m 1  n 1
   
 2
 2   2 
2.  0
s in m  c o s n  d  
 m  n 2 
2  
 2 

3. 
n 1 n 
sin n

4. Duplication Formula:  1
m m   =

(2m) where m is positive
2 m 1
 2  (2)

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 100

 Relation : Beta and Gamma Function (CO 1)

m n
 (m, n) 
( m  n)
Proof: By Gamma fn. First transformation


n
n =k e kx x n 1dx
0

Replace k by z

n
n z e zx x n1dx
0

Multiplying both sides by , we get


 z m1
n e z   z nm1  e z (1 x ) x n1dx
0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 101

 Relation : Beta and Gamma Function (CO 1)

Integrating both sides w.r.t. z from 0 to , we get


 
 dz    z nm1  e  z (1 x ) x n1dxdz
 z m 1
n e z
0 0
0

 x


0
n 1

0


e  z (1 x ) z mn1dz dx
dy
Put z (1  x)  y so that dz 
1 x
   y y mn1 dy 
  0 e 
n1
n m= x m  n 1  dx
0
 (1  x) (1  x) 




0
x n 1
(1  x) m n  

0
e  y  y m  n 1dy dx  
 e  y  y mn1dy  (m  n)
0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 102

 Relation : Beta and Gamma Function (CO 1)

 x n1
n m  m n
dx (m  n)  (m  n)   (m  n)
0 (1  x)

m n
 (m, n) 
( m  n)

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 103

 Example 1
Question: Evaluate the value of 1
2
 m 1  n 1
   
Solution:  2
 2   2 

m n
W e k n o w th a t s in  c o s  d  
0
m n2
2 
 2 
Putting m  n  0, we have
 1 2
2
 2
0
d 
2 (1)

 
2
 12
=
2 2
 1
  
 2
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 104
 Example 2

Question: Evaluate 0
x1 4 .e  x
dx


Solution: I  x1 4 .e  x
dx
0

Substitute x  t  x  t 2 , dx  2 tdt

When x  0, t  0, x  , t  

 

32 t
I  (t ) .e 2tdt  2
2 14 t
0
t .e dt
0

5
 1
 2 e .t dt t 2 5 3 
0
 2 I
2 2

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 105

 Example 3
Question:  x8 1  x 6 
Evaluate  1  x 
0 24
dx

Solution: I =  x8  x14
0 1  x 
24
dx -  1  x 
0 24
dx

 x 9 1  x15 1
 dx -  1  x  dx
1  x 
0 9 15 0 15  9

  9,15  -  15, 9  = 0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 106

 Example 4
 2  2 
Question: Prove that  tan  d =  cot  d =
0 0
2
 2  2 a a
Solution: I   tan  d =  cot  d 0 f ( x)dx = 0 f (a  x)dx
0 0
 2
I  sin 1 2  .cos1 2  d
0
 1  1 
  2 1  2 1

2
 
2
 1 3
        1 1
4 4    1
I=    
=     =   1  
 1 1  2 1 2 4  4
  2  2 1
2 
 2  1  
I  =
  2 sin  2
4
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 107
 FAQ

1. Find the value of integral

2. Using Beta and Gamma functions ,evaluate

3. Evaluate Ans : 0.

4. Prove that

5. Find the value of.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 108

 Quiz

• The improper integrals ………,………

• The value of is equal to………………..

• Improper integral  converges to …….

e
mx
dx, m  0
0

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 109

 Faculty Video Links, Youtube & NPTEL Video Links and
Online Courses Details
Self Made Video Link
• Improper Integral
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obZ-xUL4S9g&t=152s
• Beta and Gamma Function
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_QE-duLhW0&t=904s

Youtube/other Video Links

• Improper Integral
• NPTEL: Lecture 21-Improper Integral
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfv9h3c46CI

• Beta and Gamma Function

• NPTEL: Lecture Beta and Gamma Function
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_m36W3cK74

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 110

 Recap

 Improper Integral

 Gamma Function

 Beta Function

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 111

 Topic Objective

Dirichlet’s Integral (CO 1)

• Students will be able to understand the term "Dirichlet integral.“

• Useful in finding volume and mass.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 112

 Dirichlet’s Integral (CO 1)

l m n

V
x l 1 y m 1 z n 1 dxd ydz 
l  m  n 1

where V is the region x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 ,z ≥ 0 and x + y +z ≤1

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 113

 Example 1
Question:
x y z
The plane    1 meets the axes in A,B and C. Apply Dirichlet's
a b c
integral to find the volume of the tetrahedron OABC.
Solution: Let x
 u  x  au  dx  adu
a
y z
 v  y  bv  dy  bdv  w  z  cw  dz  cdw
b c

Volume (V) =  dx dy dz

v
= abc  du dv dw,
V

(1) (1) (1)

 abc  u11v11w11du dv dw  abc
V (1  1  1  1)
abc
 V =
6
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 114
 Example 2
Question: Apply Dirichlet;s integral to find the mass contained in solid region
x2 y2 z2
in the first octant of the ellipsoid 2  2  2  1, if the density
a b c
at any point is  ( x , y , z )  kxyz .

Solution:  x
2
 y z
Let    u,    v,    w
2 2

a b c

a b c
so that, dx  du , dy  dv, dz  dw
2 u 2 v 2 w

Required mass =  k xyz dx dy dz

D

abc
=  k  a u  b v  c w 
D 8 u v w
du dv dw

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 115

 Example 2 Contd…

a 2b 2 c 2
M=k
8  du dv dw
D

a 2b 2 c 2
 v w du dv dw
11 11 11
=k u
8 D

a 2b 2c 2 (1) (1) (1)

=k
8 (4)

a 2b 2c 2
M= k
48

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 116

 Example 3
Question:
 yz dx dy dz throught the volume bounded
2
Compute x
x y z
by planes x  0, y  0, z  0, and   1
a b c
Solution: Let x
 u  x  au  dx  adu
a
y z
 v  y  bv  dy  bdv  w  z  cw  dz  cdw
b c

 yz dx dy dz = abc  a 2u 2 .bv.cwdudvdw

2
I= x

(3) ( 2 ) ( 2 )
 a3b2c 2  u 31v21w21du dv dw  a 3b 2 c 2
8
a 3b 2c 2
I
2520
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 117
 Example 3 Contd…

a ds a xa
S   2 y dx   2  4ax  dx
x0 dx 0 x
2 32 a
 4 a   x  a  
3 0
8 a 
    
32 32
 2a  a
3  

8 a2
S
3

2 2 1 

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 118

 FAQ
 x
l 1
1 . E valu ate th e in teg ral y m 1 z n 1 d x d y d z w h ere x , y, z, are
p q r
 x  y  z
all p o sitive b u t lim ited b y th e co n d itio n          1
a b  c
l m n
a lb m c n p q r
A n s.
pqr  l m n 
 p    1 
 q r 
2. Find the mass of the region in the first octant of the ellipsoid
x2 y2 z2
2
 2  2  1 if the density varies as the square of the
a b c
kabc  a 2  b 2  c 2 
distance from the center. A ns.
30

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 119

 Quiz

• Dirichlet’s integral applied when…………

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 120

 Faculty Video Links, Youtube & NPTEL Video Links and
Online Courses Details
Self Made Video Link
• Dirichlet’s Integral
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDYVmthtWeQ&t=487s
• Volume and Surface of Solid of Revolution
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ej789u59JwM&t=263s

Youtube/other Video Links

• Dirichlet’s Integral
• IIT: Lecture- Dirichlet’s Integral
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQM7XMd5QQo

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 121

 Recap

 Dirichlet’s Integral

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 122

 LIOUVILLE’S EXTENSION OF DIRICHLET’S

Question.

Sol.

Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 123

LIOUVILL’S EXTENSION OF DIRICHLETS

Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 124

 Weekly Assignment 2 (CO 1)
Beta and Gamma Function

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 125

 Weekly Assignment 2 (CO 1)
Dirichlet’s Integral

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 126

 MCQ
1. The value of the integral dxdy in xy-plane, bounded by
and is
(a) (b) (c) (d)

2. The value of the integral is

(a) 1 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/3 (d) None of these

3. If u= x+y and v= x-2y ,then the area element dxdy is replaced by

(a) dudv (b) dudv (c) dudv
(d) none of these
4. Which of the following is true
(a) (b) (c)
(d) None of these .
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 127
 MCQ

5. The integral is
(a) (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) None of these .

6. is equal to
(a) (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) None of these .

7. The value of is equal to

(a) (b) (c) (d)

8. The integral is equal to

(a) (b) (c) (d)

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 128

 MCQ

9. The integral is equal to

(a)(b) (c) (d)

10. is equal to
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these

11. is equal to
(a) (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) None of these .

12. The value of is

(a) (b) 0 (c) -1 (d) None of these
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 129
 Old Year Paper-2019 (KAS-103)
Multivariable Calculus I (CO 1)
Section A

Section B

Section C

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 130

 Old Year Paper 2019(KAS 203)

Multivariable Calculus I (CO 1)

Section A

Section B

Section C

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 131

 Old Year Paper 2019 (KAS-103)

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 132

 Old Year Paper 2019 (KAS-103)

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 133

 Old Year Paper 2019 (KAS-103)

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 134

 Old Year Paper 2019 (KAS-103)

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 135

 Old Year Paper

Links for old year papers

Mathematics I, 2019-20 (KAS-103)

http://www.aktuonline.com/papers/btech-1-sem-mathematics-1-kas103-2020.html

Mathematics I, 2018-19 (NAS-103)

http://www.aktuonline.com/papers/btech-1-sem-engineering-mathematics-1-nas-103-20
18-19.html

Mathematics I, 2017-18 (RAS-103)

http://www.aktuonline.com/papers/btech-1-sem-engineering-mathematics-ras-103-2017-
18.html

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 136

 Expected Questions for University Exam
• Evaluate by changing the order of integration:
• Change the order of integration and evaluate
• State and prove the relation between beta and gamma function .
• State and prove Duplication formula.
• Apply Dirichlets integral to find the volume and mass of an octant of
the ellipsoid , the density at a point being .
• Find the volume generated by revolving the ellipse about x –axis.
• A solid is in the form of the positive octant of the Sphere. The
density at any point (x, y, z) is given by k xyz, where k is constant.
Find mass and the co-ordinates of the centre of gravity of the solid.

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 137

 Summary
 Multiple integration

Double integral

Triple integral
 Change of order of integration
 Change of variables: Polar form, Spherical form, Cylindrical form
 Application: Areas and volumes, Center of mass (Constant and variable
densities)
 Improper Integral: First Kind, Second Kind, Third Kind

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 138

 Summary
 Beta and Gama function

 Dirichlet’s Integral

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 139

 References
• E. Kreyszig, Advance Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons,
2005.
• Peter V. O’Neil, Advance Engineering Mathematics, Thomson
(Cengage) Learning, 2007.
• Maurice D. Weir, Joel Hass, Frank R. Giordano, Thomas, Calculus,
Eleventh Edition,Pearson.
• D. Poole, Linear Algebra : A Modern Introduction, 2nd Edition,
Brooks/Cole, 2005.
• Veerarajan T., Engineering Mathematics for first year, Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2008.
• Ray Wylie C and Louis C Barret, Advanced Engineering
Mathematics, Tata Mc-Graw-Hill; Sixth Edition.
• P. Sivaramakrishna Das and C. Vijayakumari, Engineering
Mathematics, 1st Edition, Pearson India Education Services Pvt.
Ltd.
07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 140
 Thank You

07/16/2023 Mohit Tyagi KAS-103 (MATHS I) Unit Number-4 141