Scribd
Upload
59 views24 pages

Unit 4

This document provides an overview of various electronic instruments including digital multimeters, function generators, digital storage oscilloscopes, power scopes, DC power supplies, auto transformers, and analog ammeters and voltmeters. It describes the basic working principles of each instrument and compares features of analog and digital multimeters. The document also includes review questions related to the instruments covered.

Uploaded by

Rohit Rathod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views24 pages

Unit 4

This document provides an overview of various electronic instruments including digital multimeters, function generators, digital storage oscilloscopes, power scopes, DC power supplies, auto transformers, and analog ammeters and voltmeters. It describes the basic working principles of each instrument and compares features of analog and digital multimeters. The document also includes review questions related to the instruments covered.

Uploaded by

Rohit Rathod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Unit 4

Electronic Instruments
Outline
1. Digital Multi-meter
2. Function Generator
3. Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO)
4. Power Scope (PX8000)
5. DC Power Supply
6. Auto Transformer
7. Analog Ammeter & Voltmeter
Introduction
• The instrument which uses electronic circuit to
sense and measure any quantity or parameter is
called as electronic instrument
• Advantages
– Quantities are converted in electrical signal
– Electrical signal can be Amplified, Filtered, Sampled
– Signal can be converted in digital form
– Can be transmitted, stored, displayed
– High sensitivity, accuracy, precision
Digital Multimeter
Comparison Between Analog & Digital
Multimeter
Analog Multimeter Digital Multimeter
No external power supply required External power supply required
Better visual indication Less observable
Less effect of noise More effect of noise
Less accuracy More accuracy
No interface with other equipment Interfaced with other iquipment
Simple in construction Complicated construction
Large in size Compact in size
Low cost More cost
Low precession High precession
Mounting limitetion No mounting limitation
Function Generator
Working
• Frequency is controlled by varying the magnitude of
the current that drives the integrator
• It uses two current sources. Current source 1 for
+ve rise and current source 2 for –ve
• The voltage comparator multivibrator changes state
at a predetermined maximum level of the integrator
output voltage
• It changes from source 1 to source 2
• Output of integrator is triangular wave
• Output of multi-vibrator is square wave
• Output of wave shaping circuit is sine wave
Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO)
Working
• A digital storage oscilloscope digitises
the input signal
• Stores in electronic digital memory so that signals
can be displayed on conventional CRT
• The input signal is digitised and stored in memory
in digital form
• In this state it is capable of being analysed to
produce a variety of different information
• To view the display on the CRT the data from
memory is again constructed in analog form
Power Scope
Working
• The input is attenuated by factor of 20
• The vertical input range is from 50mV/div to
500V/div
• The trace is switched in two channels at the
rate of 100 KHz
• AC mode bandwidth is 2 Hz to 15 MHz
• It have wide range of measurement capability,
compact design, light weight and high safety
Power Supply
Working
• The step-down transformer reduces the mains
supply voltage
• Rectifier circuit converts bi-directional current to uni-
directional current
• Filter circuit reduces ripples and makes it smooth DC
• Voltage regulator keeps the load voltage constant
against the changes due to supply voltage or load
current
• Two types of regulators may be used,
– Linear : Series, Shunt
– Switching: Buck, Boost
• Regulator also rejects ripples and converts smooth
DC to pure DC
Auto Transformer
Working
• It consists of only single winding which is
common to both primary and secondary winding
• It has two end terminals ( PR) acts as primary and
one end terminal ( either P or R ) and inter
mediate terminal Q acts as a secondary winding
• The position of the intermediate terminal Q
determines whether auto – transformer works as
step down transformer or step up transformer
• The theory and operation of the auto-
transformer is similar to that of conventional two
winding transformer
Working
• The auto transformer is cheaper than
the ordinary transformer because of single
winding uses less copper than the two
winding
• Since the voltage / turn is equal in both
winding, the voltage develops across each
winding depends on number of turns
Applications
• Used for starting of synchronous motor and
induction motor
• It is used as a furnace transformer
• It is used as laboratory equipment
• Light dimmer
Analog DC Voltmeter & Ammeter

Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Galvanometer


Permanent Magnet Moving Coil
Galvanometer
Conversion of Galvanometer into
DC Ammeter

The galvanometer is used as an ammeter by


connecting the low resistance wire in parallel with
the galvanometer
Multi-range Ammeter
Conversion of Galvanometer into
DC voltmeter

The galvanometer is used as a voltmeter by


connecting the high resistance in series with the
circuit
Multi-range Voltmeter
Questions on Unit 4
1. Explain Digital Multimeter with block diagram
2. Explain Function Generator with block diagram
3. Explain Digital Storage Oscilloscope with block
diagram
4. Explain Power Scope with block diagram
5. Explain Auto Transformer and list its applications
6. Explain Regulated Power Supply with block
diagram
7. Explain analog voltmeter and ammeter

You might also like