Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 66 views

    Packaging Materials

    Uploaded by

    Badri Karki
    The document discusses packaging of pharmaceutical products. It describes the primary functions of packaging as protection, identification, presentation, convenience and being economical. The main types of packaging are primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary packaging directly contains the product. Secondary packaging facilitates grouping primary packages together. Tertiary packaging is for bulk transportation and storage. Common packaging materials include metals, plastics, glass, paper and rubber. Each material has advantages and limitations for pharmaceutical packaging.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Packaging Materials

    Uploaded by

    Badri Karki
    66 views30 pages
    The document discusses packaging of pharmaceutical products. It describes the primary functions of packaging as protection, identification, presentation, convenience and being economical. The main types of packaging are primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary packaging directly contains the product. Secondary packaging facilitates grouping primary packages together. Tertiary packaging is for bulk transportation and storage. Common packaging materials include metals, plastics, glass, paper and rubber. Each material has advantages and limitations for pharmaceutical packaging.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses packaging of pharmaceutical products. It describes the primary functions of packaging as protection, identification, presentation, convenience and being economical. The main types of packaging are primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary packaging directly contains the product. Secondary packaging facilitates grouping primary packages together. Tertiary packaging is for bulk transportation and storage. Common packaging materials include metals, plastics, glass, paper and rubber. Each material has advantages and limitations for pharmaceutical packaging.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    66 views30 pages

    Packaging Materials

    Uploaded by

    Badri Karki
    The document discusses packaging of pharmaceutical products. It describes the primary functions of packaging as protection, identification, presentation, convenience and being economical. The main types of packaging are primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary packaging directly contains the product. Secondary packaging facilitates grouping primary packages together. Tertiary packaging is for bulk transportation and storage. Common packaging materials include metals, plastics, glass, paper and rubber. Each material has advantages and limitations for pharmaceutical packaging.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Packaging of Pharmaceutical

    Products

    Prepared by:
    Badri Karki
    Quality of a good container:
    a. Container should be attrative
    b. Water and air can easily be absorbed
    c. Material of construction may be toxic
    d. Container should help maintain stability of the package product
    Introduction
    • The art and science of, and the operations
    involved in, enclosing or protecting the
    products for transport, storage, sale and use.

    • Also encorporates the process of design,


    evalutaion, and protection of packages.
    Stages of Packaging:
    • Transport
    • Storage
    • Display
    • Use
    Functions of Packaging
    • Protection
    • Identification
    • Presentation
    • Convenience
    • Economical
    Types of Packaging
    • Primary
    • Secondary
    • Tertiary
    Primary Packaging:
    • The material that first envelops the product and hold
    it.
    • Smallest unit of distribution or use
    • Examples: bister pack, ampules, vial, bottle
    Secondary Packaging:
    • covering outside the primary packaging
    • Facillates the grouping of the primary packaging together
    • Examples: box, cartons
    Tertiary Packaging:
    • Packaging used for bulk handling
    • Useful for transportation, storage
    • Examples: Barrel, container, wood boxes, sacks
    The package that comes in direct contact with the formulation directly
    is called:
    a. Primary packaging
    b. Secondary packaging
    c. Tertiary Packaging
    d. None
    Types of Packaging Materials in
    Pharmaceuticals
    • Metals
    • Plastics
    • Glass
    • Paper and board
    • Rubber
    Metals:
    • Used mainly for dry products
    • Commonly used metals: Aluminium,stainless steel, tin-plated steel, tin
    and lead
    • Aluminium
    • Collapsible tubes for creams and ointments
    • Sachets and unit pack of tablets
    • Because of light weight, saves shipping costs

    • Tin
    • Most chemically inert of all collapsible tubes
    • Preferred for food, pharmaceuticals and any product for which purity is considered.

    • Lead
    • Has the lowest cost of all tube metals but should never be used alone for anything
    taken internally
    • Widely used for non-food prducts such as adhesives, paints, inks and lubricants
    Advantages:
    • Impermeable to light, moisture and gases
    • Resistant to impact
    • Light in weight compared to glass container
    • Labels can be printed directly on their surface.

    Disadvantages:
    • Expensive
    • reactive
    • Aerosol containers are manufactured using :
    a. Tin
    b. Aluminium
    c. Brass
    d. All of the above
    Plastics:
    • Polyethene, polystyrene, polypropylene

    • Polyethene- widely used for flexible containers, closure, bags

    • Polystyrene- tubes for tablets

    • Polypropylene is similar to polyethylene but has greater transparency


    and better heat resistance; and more expensive
    Advantages:
    • Less weight than glass
    • Flexible
    • Variety of sizes and shapes
    • Chemically inert, strong and rigid

    Disadvantages:
    • Absorption permeable to moisture, leaching
    • Poor printing, thermostatic charge
    Types of Plastics:
    a) Thermoplastic:
    • On heating, gets soften to viscous liquid and on cooling again gets
    harden
    • Examples; polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, nylon, polysterene,
    polypropylene

    b) Thermosetting:
    • On heating may become flexible but do not become liquid
    • Examples; urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, epoxy resins,
    melanine formaldehyde
    • The correct property of thermoset plastics:
    a. Highly recylced
    b. Less resistant against high temperature
    c. Can be remoulded or reshaped
    d. get softened when heated

    • Thermoplastics are
    a. Gets softened on heating
    b. Can be molded
    c. Does not degraded by repeated heating
    d. All of the above
    Glass:
    • Soda glass (silica, limestone, soda ash, magnesia, alumina)
    - used for dry solids or non-aqueous liquids, for external use
    - unsuitable for injections

    • Neutral glass (less alkali, more aluminia and some boric oxide)
    - Suitable for ampoules and injection bottles

    • Borosilicate glass (even less alkali and more boric oxide)


    - Excellent but expensive for packaging

    • Treated glass
    • Type I – Highly resistant borosilicate glass

    • Type II – Treated soda lime glass

    • Type III – soda lime glass

    • Non Parenteral glass (NP) – soda glass


    Colored glass:
    • Amber
    - light yellowish to deep reddish brown
    - carbon and sulphur or iron and manganese dioxide

    • Blue
    - cobalt oxide or ocassionally copper (cupric) oxide

    • Green
    - iron oxide, manganese dioxide and chromium dioxide
    Advantages:
    • Transparent
    • Good protection
    • Can be easily labelled
    • Economical
    • Available in different shape and sizes

    Disadvantages:
    • Fragile
    • Release of alkali to aqueous preparation
    • What is the major disadvantages of glass as a packaging material?
    a. Weight
    b. Transparent
    c. Fragility
    d. Can be easily labelled

    • Type II glass is called as:


    a. General soda lime glass
    b. NP glass
    c. BS glass
    d. Treated soda lime
    Rubber:
    • Need in a specialised form for closures for injection containers.

    Types of Rubber:
    • Butyl rubber
    • Netrile rubber
    • Chloroprene rubber
    • Silicone Rubber

    Chloroprene Rubbers:
    • Oil resistant, and heat stable
    Paper and Board:
    • Has variety of uses for external packages, but limited use for primary
    packaging
    Tamper evident packaging:
    • Film wrappers
    • Blister package
    • Strip package
    • Bubble package
    • Shrink seals
    • Bottle seals
    • Tape seal breakable caps
    • Aerosol containers
    • The packaging material that is temper resistant:
    a. Aerosol
    b. Blister packs
    c. Bubble packs
    d. All of the above

    • In comparison to blister, strips occupy


    a. Lesser volume
    b. Greater volume
    c. Same volume
    d. Too less volume
    Packaging tests:
    • Drop test
    • Vibration test
    • Shock test
    • Inclined impact test
    • Revolving drum test
    Plastic containers are sterilised using…
    a. Autoclave
    b. Bleach
    c. Ethylene oxide
    d. All of the above

    You might also like