ITT565

NETWORK OPERATION SYSTEM AND ADMINISTRATION

Chapter 3
Managing Files Services
Managing File Services

 Notes on Windows installation

 Managing the files services (Windows)
Notes on Windows installation

Ref.

• Installation of new operating system

• Verify the installation
• Initial server configuration
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
 Ref.
Windows Deployment Services(WDS) is a server role that gives administrators the ability
to deploy Windows operating systems remotely. 
WDS can be used for network-based installations to set up new computers
so administrators do not have to directly install each operating system (OS).
Ref.
Ref.
Ref.
File services (Windows)

 File Services role not only configures settings to optimize the

system for file sharing, but also enables the administrator to
choose which file server options as well as which tools for
managing the file system will be installed.
 A file server is a central server in a computer network that
provides file systems or at least parts of a file system to
connected clients.
 File servers therefore offer users a central storage place
for files on internal data media, which is accessible to all
authorized clients.
Role description of File and Storage Services.
 File and Storage Services includes technologies that help you set up
and manage one or more file servers, which are servers that provide
central locations on your network where you can store files and share
them with users.
File Server
 A file server provides a central location on your network where you can
store files and share them with users across your network. When users
require an important file that is intended to be accessed by many users,
such as a project plan, they can access the file remotely on the file
server instead of having to pass the file between their separate
computers.
 If your network users need access to the same files and applications, or
if centralized backup and file management are important to your
organization, you should configure this computer as a file server by
adding the File Services role.
 Service is a program, routine or process that perform a
specific system function to support other programs or to
provide a network service.
 A service run in the background without user interface.
 Example of services are web serving , event logging and
file serving.
 To manage services, use service console located under
Administrative tools.
 Microsoft COM+, also known as Component Services, provides a
transaction processing system for developing, deploying, and
managing high performance, scalable, and robust enterprise,
Internet, and intranet server applications.
 They also provide a run-time infrastructure for deploying and
managing these applications.
 How to open Component Services through Run Command in
windows
1. Open Run by pressing Windowskey+R.
2. Type "dcomcnfg"
3. Press Enter key or Click on Ok.
4. After that you will see another window will open with Component
Services.
 The registry is a central, secure database in which
Windows stores all hardware configuration information,
software configuration information, and system security
policies.
 Components that use the registry include the Windows
kernel, device drivers, setup programs, hardware
profiles, and user profiles.
 To view and manually change the registry, you use the
Registry Editor (Regedit.exe), which can be executed
from the command prompt, Start Search box, or Run box.
 The Registry is split into several logical sections, often referred to as
hives, which are generally named by their Windows API definitions.
 The hives begin with HKEY and are often abbreviated to a three- or
four-letter short name starting with “HK.” For example, HKCU is HKEY_
 CURRENT_USER and HKLM is HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.
 Windows Server 2008 R2 has five Root Keys/HKEYs:

• Application Programming Interface (API)

• is a software intermediary that allows two applications to talk
to each other.
• Each time you use an app like Facebook, send an instant
message, or check the weather on your phone, you're using an
API.
• The Windows API (application programming interface) allows user-
written programs to interact with Windows.
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT: Stores information about registered applications, such
as the file association that tells which default program opens a file with a
certain
extension.
• HKEY_CURRENT_USER: Stores settings that are specific to the currently
logged-in
user. When a user logs off, the HKEY_CURRENT_USER is saved to HKEY_USERS.
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE: Stores settings that are specific to the local
computer.
• HKEY_USERS: Contains subkeys corresponding to the HKEY_CURRENT_USER
keys for each user profile actively loaded on the machine.
• HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG: Contains information gathered at run time.
Information stored in this key is not permanently stored on disk, but rather
regenerated at the boot time.
 Registry keys are similar to folders, which can
contain values or subkeys.
 The keys within the registry follow a syntax similar
to a Windows folder or file path using backslashes to
separate each level.
 example:
 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows
 refers to the subkey “Windows” of the subkey
“Microsoft” of the subkey “Software” of the
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE key.
 Reg files (also known as Registration entries) are text files used
for storing portions of the registry.
 They have a.reg filename extension.
 If you double-click a reg file, it will add the registry entries into the
registry.
 You can export any registry subkey by right-clicking the subkey and
choosing Export.
 You can back up the entire registry to a reg file by right-clicking
 Computer at the top of Regedit and selecting export, or you can
back up the system state with Windows Backup.
Authentication

 In computing, authentication is the process of verifying

the identity of a person or device.
 A common example is entering a username and password
when you log in to a website.
 a username/password combination is a common way
to authenticate your identity, many other types
of authentication exist.
 An authentication server provides a network service that
applications use to authenticate the credentials, usually
account names and passwords, of their users.
 When a client submits a valid set of credentials, it receives a
cryptographic ticket that it can subsequently use to access
various services.
Windows Server authentication

 Windows Authentication is used to verify that the

information comes from a trusted source, whether from a
person or computer object, such as another computer.
What is file service

 Network File Service (NFS) A set of protocols that run over an

Ethernet network and offer support for file transfer and access,
and for paging.
 In computer operating systems, paging is a memory
management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves
data from secondary storage for use in main memory.
 In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from
secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages.
 A paging file is a hidden, optional system storage file on a hard
disk. Only one is installed on each hard disk, although more can
be added.
 The paging file can support system crashes and expand the
amount of system-committed memory, or virtual memory, that a
system can back
 File Server Resource Manager

 File Server Resource Manager (FSRM) is a role service in Windows

Server that enables you to manage and classify data stored on file
servers.
 You can use File Server Resource Manager to:
1- automatically classify files,
2- perform tasks based on these classifications
3- set quotas on folders,
4-create reports monitoring storage usage.

Ref:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/fsrm/fsrm-overview
File Server Resource Manager Features
 File Server Resource Manager includes the following features:
1. Quota management 
2. File Classification Infrastructure 
3. File Management Tasks 
4. File screening management 
5. Storage reports
The features included with File Server Resource Manager can be configured
and managed by using the File Server Resource Manager app or by using
Windows PowerShell.
 PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management
framework from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell
and the associated scripting language.
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/powershell/powershell_environm
ent.htm
 File Server Resource Manager includes the following features:

• Quota management allows you to limit the space that is allowed for a volume or folder, and
they can be automatically applied to new folders that are created on a volume. You can also
define quota templates that can be applied to new volumes or folders.
• File Classification Infrastructure provides insight into your data by automating classification
processes so that you can manage your data more effectively. You can classify files and apply
policies based on this classification. Example policies include dynamic access control for
restricting access to files, file encryption, and file expiration. Files can be classified
automatically by using file classification rules or manually by modifying the properties of a
selected file or folder.
• File Management Tasks enables you to apply a conditional policy or action to files based on
their classification. The conditions of a file management task include the file location, the
classification properties, the date the file was created, the last modified date of the file, or the
last time the file was accessed. The actions that a file management task can take include the
ability to expire files, encrypt files, or run a custom command.
• File screening management helps you control the types of files that user can store on a file
server. You can limit the extension that can be stored on your shared files. For example, you
can create a file screen that does not allow files with an MP3 extension to be stored in
personal shared folders on a file server.
• Storage reports help you identify trends in disk usage and how your data is classified. You can
also monitor a selected group of users for attempts to save unauthorized files.
 The features included with File Server Resource Manager can be configured and managed by
using the File Server Resource Manager app or by using Windows PowerShell.
 Practical applications
 Some practical applications for File Server Resource Manager include:
• Use File Classification Infrastructure with the Dynamic Access Control
scenario to create a policy that grants access to files and folders based
on the way files are classified on the file server.
• Create a file classification rule that tags any file that contains at least 10
social security numbers as having personally identifiable information.
• Expire any file that has not been modified in the last 10 years.
• Create a 200 megabyte quota for each user's home directory and notify
them when they are using 180 megabytes.
• Do not allow any music files to be stored in personal shared folders.
• Schedule a report that runs every Sunday night at midnight that
generates a list of the most recently accessed files from the previous
two days.
• This can help you determine the weekend storage activity and plan your
server downtime accordingly.
The End