Presentation (Autosaved)

Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 15

Everest Engineering college

(Affiliated to Pokhara University)

Sanepa-2,Lalitpur

A PRESENTATION ON
“STRUCTURE OF EARTH “

SUBMITTED TO: SUSHANT SAPKOTA


Name of Members :

1. Prashant Mahat
2. Sandesh Lamsal
3. Sagar Marasini
4. Sandesh Roka
5. Samir Karki
6. Sanjeev Ghimire
EXPLORING INSIDE EARTH

 Geologists have used two main


types of evidence to learn about
Earth’s interior: 1)direct evidence
from rock samples
2) indirect evidence from
seismic waves.
Evidence from Rock Samples:
 Rocks from inside Earth give geologists clues about Earth’s
structure. Geologists have drilled holes as much as 12 km
deep into Earth. The drills bring up samples of rock that can
be used to make inferences about conditions deep inside
Earth.
 Sometimes, forces inside Earth blast rocks to the surface
from depths of more than 100 km. These rocks provide
more information about Earth’s interior.
Evidence from Seismic Waves:
 Since geologists cannot look inside
Earth, they must rely on indirect
methods of observation. When
earthquakes occur, they produce
seismic waves. Geologists record
seismic waves and study how they
travel through Earth. The speed of
the seismic waves and the paths they
take reveal the structure of the planet.
 Using data collected from seismic waves, geologists have learned the Earth’s interior
is made up of several layers. Each layer surrounds the layer beneath it, like the
layers of an onion.
A JOURNEY TO THE CENTER OF
THE EARTH
 Thethree main layers of Earth are the
crust, the mantle, and the core. These
layers vary greatly in size, composition,
temperature, and pressure.
THE CRUST
 The crust is the layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer
skin. The crust is a layer of solid rock that includes
both dry land and the ocean floor. This layer of the
Earth is much thinner than the layers beneath it.
 The crust beneath the ocean is called oceanic crust,
which consists mostly of rocks such as basalt. Basalt
is dark rock with a fine texture.
 Continental crust, crust that forms the continents,
consists mainly of rocks such as granite. Granite is a
rock that usually is light in color and has a coarse
texture.
THE MANTLE
 Below Earth’s crust is the mantle.
Earth’s mantle is made up of rock that
is very hot, but solid. Scientists divide
the mantle into layers based on the
physical characteristics of those
layers. Overall, the mantle is nearly
3000 km thick.
The Lithosphere :
 The upper most part of the mantle and the crust together form a rigid layer called
the lithosphere. In Greek, “lithos” means “rock.”
The Asthenosphere :
 Below the lithosphere is a layer that is hotter
and under increasing pressure. Like road tar is
softened by the heat of the sun, this part of the
mantle is somewhat soft- it can bend like
plastic. This soft layer of the mantle is called
the asthenosphere. In Greek, “asthenes” means
“weak.” Although this layer is softer than the
rest of the mantle, it is still solid.
The Upper & Lower Mantle:
 The upper mantle is made up of mostly olivine and pyroxene(iron and magnesium
silicates),calcium and aluminum.(350km-670km)
 The lower mantle is probably mostly silicon magnesium and oxygen with some
iron, calcium and aluminum.(670km-2900km)
THE CORE

 Beneath the mantle is


Earth’s core. The core is
made mostly of the
metals iron and nickel.
It consist of two parts- a
liquid outer core and
solid inner core.
The Inner and Outer Cores :
 The outer core is a layer of molten metal
that surrounds the inner core. Despite
pressure from the rock above, it is liquid.
 The inner core is a dense ball of solid
metal. In the inner core, extreme pressure
squeezes the atoms of iron and nickel so
much that they cannot spread out and
become liquid.
Any question ?

You might also like