CLOUD

COMPUTING
Chapter 10
Acknowledgement
Author: Roger McHaney
Book: Cloud Technologies: An Overview of Cloud Computing Technologies for Managers
Publisher: Wiley
Material Title: Chapter 10 Slides

Copyright Notice
This edition first published 2021
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or
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The right of Roger McHaney to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
What is the Cloud’s Future?

■The future of business computing (and personal computing) resides in cloud-based environments
■Exciting developments and new ideas emerge with cloud computing
– NoOps
– Zero Knowledge Clouds
– Serverless Architectures
– Machine Learning
– Cloud Streaming Services
– Edge computing
NoOps
■NoOps is an abbreviation for No Operations
■Suggests IT infrastructures in organizations could become so
automated that operations personal would no longer be needed
■Sends chills up the spine of people with careers in IT operations
■Someone must set up the automation but once up and running, a
dedicated IT operations staff is not needed
■A realistic way to describe this trend would be as: more
automation
Everything as a Service (EaaS)
■Business application software and consumer products such as video and music streaming,
and mobile apps
■Services that rely on subscription charges have been embraced by business and
consumer alike
■Costs are predictable and managed more easily in these environments which makes
cloud-based services even more attractive
Zero Knowledge Cloud Storage
■ Makes cloud computing more secure
■ All data is encrypted prior to movement into the cloud so the cloud provider and anyone
working in their data center cannot access the data in a meaningful or useful way
■ Encryption keys issues (if the key is lost or corrupted, data cannot be retrieved)
■ Encryption and decryption operations take place prior to cloud storage, operations are
slowed
■ Real time use of this technology unviable in many applications
Serverless Architecture
■ Serverless technology is consistent with the idea of NoOps, where cloud clients do not worry
about day-to-day operations in their data centers.
■ Serverless architecture takes the concept of spinning up new servers when demand requires (or
deprovisioning underutilized servers) and automates it (taken to the next level!)
■ Concept of dynamically automating the level of infrastructure needed and then provisioning
(or deprovisioning) the resources required in real-time to keep operations running optimally.
■ Challenges include latency, security, and privacy
Multicloud
■Not same as hybrid cloud but rather engages multiple cloud vendors
■Can reduce cloud subscriber reliance on one vendor to provide better leverage
when negotiating future SLAs
■Could alleviate governance concerns and ensure business needs are met
■Might increase computing or communication speed due to geographic proximity
or because one mission critical application requires higher speed
■Picking and choosing clouds from a variety of sources can add business value
Small Business Clouds
■Cloud computing continues to grow in importance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
■Particularly true for start-ups and new cash-strapped innovations seeking to minimize capital
expenditures
■Many SMEs lack the ability to hire and maintain an IT staff and using cloud computing with data
center services can replace this need in the short term, and in some cases even for the long term
■Top-notch help desk and IT specialists are available through cloud vendors
■SME can extend its reach into global markets using cloud-based IT services
Machine Learning
■ Exciting possibilities for cloud computing and fits nicely into the mix with DevOps, NoOps, and
serverless computing architectures.
■ IaaS
– Longitudinal data can determine the best time to provision a new VM to avoid latency
– Patterns of resource use can inform an ML algorithm whether a security breach is likely or not.
■ SaaS
– Applications can use ML to look at email patterns to determine if a customer is likely to leave for a
competitor
– Determine the best time to purchase goods and services in a manufacturing operation
■ Uses are nearly endless as this technology matures and moves into the mainstream
Supervised Machine Learning
Internet of Things
■Large data sets are pulled into the cloud from a wide variety of devices
■Compatible with cloud attributes such as scalable storage, variable processing power, and
analysis tools
■Devices ranging from personal fitness bands to home assistants like Amazon’s Echo to
GPS devices tracking automobile movement provide rich data sources for organizations
seeking to leverage ML and other techniques to improve operations or more effectively
interact with customers and business processes
■Additional data can come from social media, sensors, and mobile devices
IOT Data Sources
Cloud Computing as a Utility
■Could move to a greater utility-type model as time goes on---both for private individuals
and organizations
■Already operates as a utility, but will become more so with automatic provisioning and
service option choices
■Like electric utilities or city water metering. As computing resources are consumed, a
monthly fee is assessed and paid by the user
■Promises that shared resources reduce costs and improve power for everyone in the long
run
Cloud Streaming Services
■ Consumer demand for streaming services has increased rapidly and expectations for
entertainment videos, music, television channels, virtual reality applications, video
games, online courses, digital books, and other material continues to increase
■ Businesses require content servers for training material, organizational resources,
customer help material, and digitalized records. Individuals want to play games, watch
movies, listen to music, read books, and interact with peers using cloud-based systems
■ Continued growth sure in this area placing demands on network bandwidth and storage
resources
 Edge
Computing
 Enabling technologies to
enhance computation on a
network’s edge---usually
on downstream cloud data
and upstream IoT data
 Essential data processing
occurs closer to IoT
devices or other sources
via a mobile, Bluetooth, or
wireless network
Fog
Computing
 Takes Edge Computing to
a higher level
 Offers distributed
computing, storage,
control, and networking
capabilities closer to the
user
CHAPTE
R 10
SUMMAR
Y