Ethernet
Ethernet
1.Ethernet(802.3)
2.Token Ring(802.5)
3.Token Bus(802.4)
4.FDDI(Fiber Distributed Data Interface)
13-1 IEEE STANDARDS
Ethernet: It is a LAN protocol that is used in Bus and Star topologies and implements
CSMA/CD as the medium access method
Other Layers
802.1 Internetworking
CSMA /CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Addressing
• -6 Byte Physical Address
• -Each Station on an E-Net has its own NIC (Unique)
Electrical Specification
-Signaling
- Broadband(Digital)
- Baseband(Analog)
DATA RATE
-Data rate b/w 1 and 100 Mbps
802.3 MAC frame
Ethernet Frame
• Preamble:
– 8 bytes with pattern 10101010 used to synchronize receiver, sender clock rates.
– In IEEE 802.3, eighth byte is start of frame (10101011)
• Addresses: 6 bytes (explained latter)
• Type (DIX)
– Indicates the type of the Network layer protocol being carried in the payload
(data) field, mostly IP but others may be supported such as IP (0800), Novell IPX
(8137) and AppleTalk (809B), ARP (0806) )
– Allow multiple network layer protocols to be supported on a single machine
(multiplexing)
– Its value starts at 0600h (=1536 in decimal)
• Length (IEEE 802.3): number of bytes in the data field.
– Maximum 1500 bytes (= 05DCh)
• CRC: checked at receiver, if error is detected, the frame is discarded
– CRC-32
• Data: carries data encapsulated from the upper-layer protocols
• Pad: Zeros are added to the data field to make the minimum data length = 46 bytes
Implementation
• In the 802.3 std,IEEE defines the
Types of Cable
Connection
Signals
-That are to be used in each of five different
Ethernet implementation
-All Ethernet are Physically implemented in Bus
or Star topologies.
Types
• 10Base5(Thick Ethernet/Thick net)
• 10Base2 (Thin Ethernet)
• 10BaseT(Twisted pair Ethernet)
• 1Base5(Star LAN)
• 100BaseT----Switched Ethernet
-----Fast Ethernet
-----Gigabit Ethernet
1.Thick Ethernet(10 Base 5)
• Size Thick(Like Garden Hose)
• Stiff to Bend
• 500 meters
• Bus Topology
• Repeaters, Bridges are used to extend its
length
2.Thin Ethernet(10 Base 2)
Figure 6.55
Networks: Ethernet 14
10Base5 implementation –Thick Ethernet
Connection of stations to the medium using 10Base2
THIN NET
3.Twisted Pair Ethernet(10 Base T)
• Star Topology
• Unshielded TP is used
• Max length 100 meters
• Use HUB
• Easy to install & reinstall
• When a station needs to be replaced, a station
in simply plugged in
10Base-T implementation
4.Star LAN(1 Base 5)
• Slow Speed
• 1 Mbps
• 3 times slower than three stds
• Twisted Pair cable used
Switched Ethernet
• Replace Switch instead of Hub
Fast Ethernet
• Used for CAD, Image Processing, real time
audio,vedio needs data rate higher than 10 Mbps
• Fast Ethernet operates at 100 Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet
• 100 Mbps to 1000 Mbps
• Use Optical Fiber
• Use Switch & hiub
Full-duplex switched Ethernet
Fast Ethernet topology
Topologies of Gigabit Ethernet
Ethernet address
Six bytes = 48 bits
Flat address not hierarchical
Ethernet Cables
IEEE 802.3 Cable Types
Name Cable Max. Max Cable Nodes
Toplogy
Segment /segment
Length
10Base5 thick coax 500 meters 100
Bus
CAT 3
CAT 5
Switched Ethernet
* Basic idea: improve on the Hub concept
• The switch learns destination locations by
remembering the ports of the associated source
address in a table.
• The switch may not have to broadcast to all output
ports. It may be able to send the frame only to the
destination port.
• a big performance advantage over a hub, if more
than one frame transfer can go through the switch
concurrently.
Networks: Ethernet 35
Fast Ethernet
Switch
Ethernet
Server Switch
Ethernet
Switch
10 Mbps links
Copyright ©2000 The McGraw Hill Companies Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks Figure 6.57
Networks: Ethernet 36