LECTUR

E#03
Output Devices

Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Fahad Khan

OBJECTI
VES
Define the four types of
output
Identify the different
types of display devices
Describe factors that
affect the quality of a
monitor
Explain the differences
among various types of
printers

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 Any computer component
capable of conveying
information to a user.
Output devices convert
OUTPUT machine readable information
into people-readable form.
DEVICES The output devices most used
with microcomputers are:
 Monitors
 Printers
 Voice-Output Devices

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 Text

OUTPUT Graphics
Audio
TYPES? Video

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HARD COPY VS. SOFT
COPY OUTPUT
Hard Copy (Paper Output)

Soft Copy
(Monitor Display)

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DISPLAY DEVICES
(MONITORS)
An output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and
video information
Types:
 Monochrome, grayscale or color
 CRT
 Flat-screen

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  A monochrome monitor is a type of CRT
computer display which was very common in
MONOCH the early days of computing.
 From 1960s to 1980s, before color monitors

ROME  Green screen was the common name for a

monochrome monitor.

MONITOR  It gives three signals video signal, horizontal

sync and vertical sync.

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Types based on Color Scheme
Different types of monitors exists, which are:
1. Monochrome
2. Gray scale
3. Color

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MONOCHR
OME
MONITOR

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  A special type of monochrome monitor, capable
of displaying different shades of gray.

GRAY  They are also known as black-and-white, are

SCALE
composed exclusively of shades of gray, varying
from black at the weakest intensity to white at
strongest.
MONIT  Early grayscale monitors can only show up to 16
ORS shades.

 Black and white TV is an example of gray scale

monitors.

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  A display monitor capable of displaying many
colors.
 Color Monitors works like a monochrome
COLOR Monitor, except that there are three electron
beams instead of one.

MONIT  The three guns represent additive colors (red,

green and blue) although the beam they emit are

ORS
colorless.
 Each pixel includes three phosphors, red, green
and blue, arranged in a triangle.
 When the beam of each guns are combined and
focused on a pixel, the phosphors light up.

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COLOR
MONITORS
 The monitors can display
different colors by
combining various
intensities of three beams.

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Mixing of Colors

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 MONITORS Cathode Ray Tube
(CRT)

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 MONITORS Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD)

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 From CRT to LCD
CRT
- Bulky, heavy, use vacuum tube technology.
- Using technology that was developed in the
19th century.
LCD
- First LCD laptop monitors were very small
due to manufacturing costs but now are
available in a variety of sizes.
- Light, energy-efficient, have sharp picture.

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LIQUID
CRYST  There are mainly two categories of LCD.
AL  The Passive-matrix LCD

DISPLA
 The Active-matrix LCD

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 PASSIV  It consists of a grid of horizontal and vertical

E
wires.
 Pixels arranged in a grid.

MATRI  Pixels are activated indirectly.

 Row and column are activated.

X LCD  Animation can be blurry.

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  Active-matrix LCDs depend on thin film
transistors (TFT).
 TFTs are tiny switching transistors and

ACTIV 
capacitors.
They are arranged in a matrix on a glass

E substrate.
 Each pixel is activated directly.

MATRI  Pixels have 4 transistors:

 One each for red, green, blue

X LCD  One for opaqueness (clarity)

 Animation is crisp and clean.

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  The sharpness of LCD display is at maximum.
 High peak intensity produces very bright

ADVAN 
images. Best for brightly lit environments.
Screens are perfectly flat.

TAGES 

Consume little electricity and produce little heat
The LCD display unit is very light and can be

OF LCD 
put anywhere or moved anywhere in the house.
Lack of flicker reduce eyestrain.

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DISADVA The cost of LCD is considerably at a high price.
NTAGES

 The viewing angle of LCD display is very
limited.
OF LCD

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 OTHER  Paper-white displays

TYPES  High contrast between fore and

background

OF  Electro-luminescent displays (ELD)

 Uses some luminant material to produce

MONIT 
light
Plasma monitor

ORS  Gas is exerted to produce light

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 PAPER WHITE
DISPLAY
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ELECTROLUMINE
SCENT DISPLAYS
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 PLASMA
MONITORS
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MONITOR  Monitor Specifications
 Size

SPECIFICA  Resolution

TIONS
 Refresh rate
 Dot pitch

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 Quoted Size and Actual Viewable

SCREEN
Area
Monitor Size Viewable Area

SIZE 21 inches
17 inches
20 inches
16 inches
15 inches 14 inches

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 Images are represented on monitors
by individual dots or “picture
RESOLUTIO elements” called pixels.
A pixel is the smallest unit on the
N screen that can be turned on and
off or made different shades.

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 PIXELS

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 The density of the dots determine
the screen resolution which is the
clarity of the images on the screen.
MONITORS The greater the number of dots on
the screen, the better the resolution
CONT… will be.
Monitors are categorized according
to screen resolution as either high
resolution or low resolution.

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 Common PC resolutions
640 x 480
800 x 600
1024 x 768
1600 x 1200

PC RESOLUTIONS
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 Color Depth Number of colors
VGA (4 bits) 16
256 Color Mode (8 256
bits)
High Color (16 bits) 65536

True Color (24 bits) 16777216

COMMON COLOR
DEPTH
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 Size is measured The picture is scanned
diagonally. from left to right and
from top to bottom.

One complete set of scan

lines is called a frame.

Refresh rate = number of

frames in one second

Resolution = no. of pixels

(i.e., 1024 x 768)

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OUTPUT An output device that produces text and
graphics on a physical medium such as paper.
DEVICES Hard copy (printout).
-> Portrait vs. landscape.
PRINTER Printing requirements vary.

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OUTPUT DEVICES
Impact
 Line printers
 Character printers
 Dot-matrix printers
Non-impact
 Laser printers
 Inkjet printers
 Thermal
 Plotters

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 Impact Printers
PRINTER  Printing mechanism strikes paper, ribbon and character
together.

S  Used for multipart forms.

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PRINTERS
CONT…
Impact Printers
 Line printers
 High speed.
 Prints an entire line at a time.
 Do not offer high resolution but
are incredibly fast.
 Fastest can print 3,000 lines of
text per minute.

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BAND
PRINTERS
A rotating band embossed
with alphanumeric
characters.
Machine rotates the band
to the desired character
then a small hammer taps
the band, pressing the
character against a ribbon.
Very fast and very robust.
Can generate 2,000 lines of
text per minute.

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PRINTER Impact Printers
 Dot matrix printers:

S
 Small dots form characters.
 More pins on print head means higher quality.

CONT…
 Speed measured in characters per second (cps).

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 DOT MATRIX
PRINTER
Can produce sheets of plain text very
quickly.
Used to print to multi-sheet pages.
Print head strikes inked ribbon.

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 Print head Mechanism
 which contains a cluster (or matrix) of short pins arranged in
one or more columns.

Printer can push any of the pins out in any

DOT combination.

MATRIX By pushing out pins in various combinations, the

print head can create alphanumeric characters.
PRINTH Forms a character by creating a series of dots.

EAD
MECHA
NISM

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 When pointed out, the pins’ ends strike a
ribbon
 which is held in place between the print head and the
paper.

HOW When the pins strike the ribbon, they press

IMAGE IS ink from the ribbon onto the paper.
More pins that a print head contains, the
CREATE higher the printer’s resolution

D? Slowest dot matrix printers create 50 to 70

cps.
Fastest more than 500 cps.

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 HOW IS
IMAGE
CREATED?

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 Nonimpact Printers
PRINTER  No mechanism strikes the paper

S  Much quieter than impact printers

CONT…

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 Nonimpact Printers
 Ink-jet printers
 Spray tiny drops of ink onto the paper.

PRINTERS  Both black-and-white and color.

 Resolution measured in dots per inch (dpi).

CONT…
 Speed measured in pages per minute (ppm).
 Nozzles spray ink.

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PRINTER Nonimpact Printers

S
 Laser printers
 High-speed, high-quality nonimpact printer.

CONT…
 Very high quality resolution - 600dpi to 1,200 dpi.
 Stores entire page before printing it.

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 1 2

• Laser discharges an
electrical charge on
the drum.
• Laser draws the
image that is going
to be printed on the
drum itself.
• Drum is coated with 3 4
toner.
• Toner only clings to
the areas where the
laser has drawn.

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 Used for high quality printing like images,

HIGH circuit printing etc.

Photo Printer.
QUALITY Thermal Wax Printer.
PRINTER Dye Sublimation Printer.

S Plotters.

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ALL-IN-ONE
PERIPHERAL
S
Scanner, copier, printer,
Fax and e-mail.
Popular in offices.
Prices are very
reasonable.

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OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES

Audio Output
Robots
projector

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