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Lecture 01

This document provides an overview of key concepts in data communication and networking. It defines data communication as the exchange of data between two devices via some transmission medium. The main components of a data communication system are the source, transmitter, transmission medium, receiver and destination. It discusses fundamental characteristics like delivery, accuracy and timeliness. Important tasks in data communication include transmission system utilization, interfacing, signal generation, exchange management, error detection/correction, flow control, addressing and routing, recovery, message formatting, security and network management. Networks are sets of connected devices that allow for distributed communication and processing.

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13 views

Lecture 01

This document provides an overview of key concepts in data communication and networking. It defines data communication as the exchange of data between two devices via some transmission medium. The main components of a data communication system are the source, transmitter, transmission medium, receiver and destination. It discusses fundamental characteristics like delivery, accuracy and timeliness. Important tasks in data communication include transmission system utilization, interfacing, signal generation, exchange management, error detection/correction, flow control, addressing and routing, recovery, message formatting, security and network management. Networks are sets of connected devices that allow for distributed communication and processing.

Uploaded by

Urfan khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Communications & Networking

Lecture-01

Course Instructor : Wasim Ullah Safi


Readings recommended
 Data Communications & Networking 4th Edition by Behrouz
A.Forouzon

 Data & Computer Communications 6th edition by william stallings


Lecture Overview
 What is Data communication?

 Importance of Data communication

 Fundamental characteristics of a data communication system

 Components of a data Communication system

 Networks & distributed processing


Data & Communication
When we communicate we share information
Local Communication, if Face to Face
Remote, if through Telephone etc

Data
Information presented in any form that is agreed upon by
communicating parties.
E-g: Text, Image, Video, Audio
Data Communication
It is exchange of data between two devices via some
form of transmission medium such as wire or wireless…
OR
Data Communication is the exchange of information
from One entity to another using a transmission medium.

 Exchange
 Information
 Entity
 Transmission
 Medium
Why study data communication?
Entertainment //Chatting on facebook etc
Business
Education & research
Space missions
Telecommunications
Fundamental characteristics of a data communication
system
Delivery
Data should be delivered to the other party
Addressing Mechanisms IP, MAC Address,
Accuracy
Data should not be corrupted during transmission
Error detection
Timeliness
Data should not be delivered after the time it is required.
(Real time m/s)
Simplified Communications Model - Diagram
A Communication Model
Source
generates data to be transmitted
Telephone, Mic, Computer, Web Cam, Scanner, Digital
Camera
Transmitter
Data produced can not be transmitted directly.
Data should be converted to signals
Transmitter converts data into transmittable signals.
E-g: Modem converts Data Bits into Signals
 Modulation
Communication Model Cont..
Transmission System
It carries data from one party (sender) to another
(receiver)
Can be Wired / Wireless medium
Can be complex network like Internet
Receiver
It receives signal
Converts received signal into data (bits)
E-g: Modem (demodulation)
Destination
Takes incoming data from receiver.
Simplified Communications Model - Diagram
Key tasks in Data Communication
Transmission System Utilization
Efficient use of Medium

Interfacing
Connection of devices to Medium (Provided by
NIC)

Signal Generation
How to represent data through signal
Exchange Management
Connection Managements
How to establish, maintain and disconnect?

Error detection and correction


Errors can occur in data during transmission.
Amount of error depends on medium / network
Missed packets etc
Some applications can tolerate errors (video,voice), others can
not (text/ email/ file)
Mechanisms should be done to detect and then correct them.
Flow Control
Communication of a device that produce data very fast with a
device that accept data a low rate.
We use some form of Flow Control to avoid data loss.
Communication medium may not permit fast data transfer rate.
Buffering Techniques etc.. Needed

Addressing and routing


When more devices share a transmission medium, then we need
addressing mechanisms to specify which device is destination
Routing selecting path towards sender from receiver
Recovery
If data transfer or a transaction is interrupted how to
recover from the damage.
How to recover to a Safe State.
Message formatting
Agreed upon format for the message to be transferred
Protocols
Codes
Security
To ensure that only the intended receiver actually
receives the data.
If the data is captured by some one else he should not be
able to comprehend it.
Network Management
Network should be managed.
Access control
Resource utilization
Charges for use
Etc
Components of a Data communication system
Networks
 A network is a set of devices(often referred to as nodes) connected by
media links.
 A node can be a computer, printer or any other device capable of
sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network.
 The links connecting the devices are often called communication
channels.
Why Networking for Communication

Solution is a Communications Network


Attach all devices to a communication network.
Simplified Network Model

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