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ADS Lesson 7

- Database backups are important to recover data in case of corruption or loss due to reasons like user errors, hardware failures, catastrophic events, or data center issues. - There are two types of backups: physical backups that copy the entire data directory and logical backups that use commands like mysqldump. Backup methods include full, transaction log, and differential backups. - Database recovery uses either log-based recovery by storing transaction logs or shadow paging by automatically storing transaction data for safekeeping to recover data after failures.

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23 views16 pages

ADS Lesson 7

- Database backups are important to recover data in case of corruption or loss due to reasons like user errors, hardware failures, catastrophic events, or data center issues. - There are two types of backups: physical backups that copy the entire data directory and logical backups that use commands like mysqldump. Backup methods include full, transaction log, and differential backups. - Database recovery uses either log-based recovery by storing transaction logs or shadow paging by automatically storing transaction data for safekeeping to recover data after failures.

Uploaded by

Neri Marie Aurelio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Advance Database

Systems
IT322
Lesson 7

• MySQL Data Backup and Data


Recovery
Topic

• Introduction
• Reasons of Failure in a Database
• Types and Methods of Backup
• Database Recovery
Introduction
• It is imperative to have a backup of the
database in case the original is corrupted or
lost because of any reason.
• Using this backup, the database can be
recovered as it was before the failure.
• Database backup basically means that a
duplicate of the database information and
data is created and stored in backup server
just to be on the safe side.
• Transaction logs are also stored in the
backup along with the database data
because without them, the data would be
useless.
Reasons of Failure in a Database
• There can be multiple reasons of failure in
a database because of which a database
backup and recovery plan is required.
Some of these reasons are:
– User Error - Normally, user error is the
biggest reason of data destruction or corruption
in a database. To rectify the error, the database
needs to be restored to the point in time before
the error occurred.
– Hardware Failure - This can also lead to loss
of data in a database. The database is stored on
multiple hard drives across various locations.
These hard drives may sometimes malfunction
leading to database corruption. So, it is
important to periodically change them.
• Catastrophic Event -  A catastrophic event
can be a natural calamity like a flood or
earthquake or deliberate sabotage such as
hacking of the database. Either way, the
database data may be corrupted and backup
may be required.
• DataCenter Failure - power outage or
internet provider issues.
Types and Methods of Backup
• There are two backup types: physical and
logical.
– Physical - (Percona XtraBackup, RDS/LVM
Snapshots, MySQL Enterprise Backup), and
also you can use cp or rsync command lines to
copy the datadir as long as mysql is
down/stopped.
– Logical (mysqldump, mydumper, mysqlpump, 
mysql shell only for mysql 8)
• The different methods of backup in a
database are:
– Full Backup -  This method takes a lot of time
as the full copy of the database is made
including the data and the transaction records.
– Transaction Log -  Only the transaction logs
are saved as the backup in this method. To keep
the backup file as small as possible, the
previous transaction log details are deleted
once a new backup record is made.
– Differential Backup -  This is similar to full
backup in that it stores both the data and the
transaction records. However only that
information is saved in the backup that has
changed since the last full backup. Because of
this, differential backup leads to smaller files.
Database Recovery
• There are two methods that are primarily
used for database recovery. These are:
– Log based recovery -  In log based recovery,
logs of all database transactions are stored in a
secure area so that in case of a system failure,
the database can recover the data. All log
information, such as the time of the transaction,
its data etc. should be stored before the
transaction is executed.
– Shadow paging -  In shadow paging, after the
transaction is completed its data is
automatically stored for safekeeping. So, if the
system crashes in the middle of a transaction,
changes made by it will not be reflected in the
database.
END

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