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    Topic-11 - Mollusca 10

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    Inaya Imran
    The phylum Mollusca contains over 50,000 species including snails, slugs, clams, squids, and octopuses. They share characteristics like a mantle that secretes a calcium shell, a mantle cavity, and a muscular foot. Their body plans vary from univalved snails to bivalved clams. They are found in marine, freshwater, and land habitats, and fill roles like filter feeders and predators. Their organ systems include a radula for feeding, a heart for circulation, and varied reproductive strategies. They are classified into classes based on their shells including Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda.

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    Topic-11 - Mollusca 10

    Uploaded by

    Inaya Imran
    18 views32 pages
    The phylum Mollusca contains over 50,000 species including snails, slugs, clams, squids, and octopuses. They share characteristics like a mantle that secretes a calcium shell, a mantle cavity, and a muscular foot. Their body plans vary from univalved snails to bivalved clams. They are found in marine, freshwater, and land habitats, and fill roles like filter feeders and predators. Their organ systems include a radula for feeding, a heart for circulation, and varied reproductive strategies. They are classified into classes based on their shells including Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda.

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    Topic-11 _ Mollusca 10

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    The phylum Mollusca contains over 50,000 species including snails, slugs, clams, squids, and octopuses. They share characteristics like a mantle that secretes a calcium shell, a mantle cavity, and a muscular foot. Their body plans vary from univalved snails to bivalved clams. They are found in marine, freshwater, and land habitats, and fill roles like filter feeders and predators. Their organ systems include a radula for feeding, a heart for circulation, and varied reproductive strategies. They are classified into classes based on their shells including Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    18 views32 pages

    Topic-11 - Mollusca 10

    Uploaded by

    Inaya Imran
    The phylum Mollusca contains over 50,000 species including snails, slugs, clams, squids, and octopuses. They share characteristics like a mantle that secretes a calcium shell, a mantle cavity, and a muscular foot. Their body plans vary from univalved snails to bivalved clams. They are found in marine, freshwater, and land habitats, and fill roles like filter feeders and predators. Their organ systems include a radula for feeding, a heart for circulation, and varied reproductive strategies. They are classified into classes based on their shells including Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 32

    Phylum Mollusca

    General Characteristics

    50,000 or more species of Mollusca.


    They share 3 major sets of characteristics:
     Body enclosed by a blanket-like mantle that secretes a shell
    made of calcium or some other stiff structure.
     A mantle cavity between the mantle and the internal organs; the
    anus, reproductive, and excretory ducts open into the mantle
    cavity.
     Ventral, muscular foot that is highly modified among the
    various groups of Mollusca.
    Phylum Mollusca

    Body usually have anterior head, ventral foot and a


    dorsal visceral mass.
    Covered by a fleshy outgrowth of the body wall called a
    mantle.
     Shell if present is secreted by the mantle
    Radula- a tongue-like structure bearing transvers rows
    of minute chitinous teeth.
    With the exception of Monoplacophora, the phylum is
    unsegmented.
    General Characteristics

    Free-living, multicellular animals


    Invertebrates (lack a backbone)
    Unsegmented
    Have a true coelom
    Bilateral symmetry
    Have a true heart
    Simple to complex nervous system
    Habitats & Niches

    Some mollusc habitats include:


     Marine (mostly)
     Freshwater (a few)

     Land (a few)

    Mollusc niches (life-style):


     Most live on the ocean bottom and are mostly
    sedentary
     Some are free-swimming (the cephalopods)
    Systems

    Skeletal-
    Skeletal Mantle may secretes a shell. Use hydrostatic
    pressure for ventral muscular foot.
    Muscles -Ventral muscular foot and other muscles
    present.
    Digestive-
    Digestive complete complex with salivary glands,
    digestive gland and Rasping tongue (Radula).
    Circulatory - Open except for Cephalopoda. Dorsal
    heart, usually in a pericardial cavity.
    Respiratory - Ctenidia (gills) in mantle cavity.
    Systems

    Excretory-
    Excretory by nephridia usually connecting to the pericardial
    cavity.
    Nervous - Nerve ring with various pairs of ganglia—two pairs of
    nerve cords, one innervating the foot, the other the visceral mass
    (modified ventral ladder-like system)
    Integumentary - Mantle
    Endocrine - nervous systems produces hormones.
    Reproductive - varied- monoecious, protandric, or dioecious.
    Larva in marine = trochophore and veliger.
    Taxonomy

    Classes:
     Monoplacophora
     Polyplacophora

     Scaphopoda

     Gastropoda

     Bivalvia

     Cephalopoda
    Class Monoplacophora

    First 10 specimens of Neopilina were taken in


    1952 from dark muddy clay at 3350 m (11,000 ft)
    off the coast of Costa Rica.
    Since then other species have been found in Indo-
    Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans.
    Neopilina is the only living genus
    Neopilina has segmented muscles
    Class Polyplacophora (Chitons)

    Elliptical body with dorsal surface bearing


    eight overlapping limy plates (valves)
    Chitons are marine.
     They live mostly in shallow water. Genera
     All are similar in morphology and ecology. •Katherina
     They are slow moving microphagous feeders, •Cryptochiton
    scraping algae and other small invertebrates
    from substrate with their radula.
    Polyplacophora
    representative genera.

    Katherina

    Katherina dorsal surface

    Katherina ventral surface


    Polyplacophora
    representative genera.

    Cryptochiton

    Cryptochiton dorsal surface

    Cryptochiton ventral surface


    Class Scaphopoda

    Tooth shells (or Tusk


    shells)
     Shell and mantle slender,
    tubular, and slightly curved.
     It is open at both ends

    Dentalium
    Class: Gastropoda
    Univalves, Shell usually spiral, distinct
    head, scraping radula.
    Visceral mass typically turned 180°
    counterclockwise = torsion. And the
    visceral mass is coiled in shell.
    Representatives
     Garden snail (Helix), Whelks (Busycon),
    Conch, Cowries,, Sea hare, Nudibranchs,
    Slugs, and abalone.
    Helix (garden snail)

    Helix, ventral view

    Helix, dorsal view

    Helix, side view


    Busycon (Whelk)

    Busycon (shell removed)

    Busycon shells
    Other Gastropods

    Abalone shells

    Conch

    Examples of gastropoda
    Other Gastropods

    Sea Hair (ventral view) Sea Hair side view

    Slug
    Class Bivalvia
    Shell of two lateral valves, with dorsal
    hinge.
    Mantle of flattened right and left lobes.
    Posterior margin commonly forming
    siphons
    Labial palps beside mouth
    No head
    No radula Representative bivalves
    Representatives of Bivalvia
    Anadonta (Freshwater clam)
    Teredo (Shipworm)
    Rock boring clam
    Ostrea (Oyster)
    Pecten (Scallop)

    Freshwater clam dissection


    Anadonta
    Teredo (shipworm)
    and the Rock boring worm

    Teredo Teredo in wood

    Rock boring clam


    Oyster and Scallop

    Scallop shells

    Oyster cluster Oyster shells


    External Shell
    Mantle
    One side of mantle removed
    Class Cephalopoda
    Large head with conspicuous eyes
    Ventral foot modified into tentacles(are arms)
    with suckers.
    Representative Cephalopods
     Nautilus(Chambered Nautilus)
     Octopus (Octopus)
     Loligo (Squid)
     Sepia (Cuttle fish)
    Nautilus
    (South Pacific and Indian Ocean)
    Octopus Eight arms
    Loligo

    Internal skeleton
    Sepia
    Cuttlebone (internal skeleton)

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