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I S.A.-I - Unit

This document provides an overview of structural analysis. It discusses how structures develop internal forces when loads are transferred from points of application to supports. It also defines types of structures and concepts like static determinacy/indeterminacy, degrees of static/kinematic indeterminacy, and common analysis methods like slope deflection and moment distribution. The consistent deformation method is also summarized in steps for analyzing statically indeterminate structures.

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Subbulakshmi
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33 views19 pages

I S.A.-I - Unit

This document provides an overview of structural analysis. It discusses how structures develop internal forces when loads are transferred from points of application to supports. It also defines types of structures and concepts like static determinacy/indeterminacy, degrees of static/kinematic indeterminacy, and common analysis methods like slope deflection and moment distribution. The consistent deformation method is also summarized in steps for analyzing statically indeterminate structures.

Uploaded by

Subbulakshmi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF UNITS
 UNIT – I : Introduction
 UNIT – II : Analysis of Trusses
 UNIT – III : Slope Deflection Method
 UNIT – IV : Moment Distribution Method
 UNIT – V : Miscellaneous Methods
Structural Analysis deals with
analyzing the internal forces in the
members of the structures.
 Structures are subjected to various loads like
concentrated loads, udl, uvl, random loads,
internal and external pressures and dynamic
forces.
 While transferring the loads acting on the

structures, the members of the structures are


subjected to internal forces life axial forces,
shearing forces, bending moments and
torsional moments.
FUNCTION
 The primary function of a structure is to
receive the loads at certain points and transmit
them safely to some other points.
 In performing this primary function of receiving

service loads at certain points and transferring


them safely to some other points, the structure
develops internal forces in its component
members, known as Structural Elements.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES

 SKELETAL STRUCTURES
 SURFACE STRUCTURES
 SOLID STRUCTURES
EQUATIONS OF STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
∑Fx = ∑Fy = ∑Fz = 0

∑Mx = ∑My = ∑Mz = 0

Where, ∑Fx = ∑Fy = ∑Fz = algebraic sums of the components


of all external forces including reactive forces along x, y and z
axes respectively.
∑Mx = ∑My = ∑Mz = algebraic sums of the moments of all
external forces including reactive forces along x, y and z axes
respectively.
EQUATIONS OF STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
In plane frames, it is subjected to in-plane external
forces, only three equations are sufficient for static
equilibrium.
∑Fx = ∑Fy = 0
∑Mz = 0

In this case, the remaining three equations, ∑Fz =


∑Mx = ∑My = 0 are identically satisfied.
INDETERMINACY
STATIC DETERMINACY
External and Internal forces that keep the
structures in Equilibrium under applied loads
are unique. These structures are called Static
determinacy.
STATIC INDETERMINACY
Static Indeterminacy structures are those
structures which cannot be analyzed with the
help of equations of static equilibrium alone.
These structures are called Static
Indeterminacy.
DEGREE OF STATIC INDETERMINACY
 The Number of additional equations,
necessary for the solutions of the problem, is
known as the degree of static indeterminacy or
degree of redundancy of the structures.
For Pin-jointed Frame
The degree of external indeterminacy, Dse:
◦ For plane structures
 Dse = (r-3)
◦ For space structures
 Dse = (r-6)

The degree of internal indeterminacy , Dsi:


◦ For plane structures
 Dsi = m-(2j-3)
◦ For space structures
 Dsi = m-(3j-6)
For Rigid Frame
The degree of external indeterminacy, Dse:
◦ For plane structures
 Dse = (r-3)
◦ For space structures
 Dse = (r-6)

The degree of internal indeterminacy , Dsi:


◦ For plane structures
 Dsi = 3c
◦ For space structures
 Dsi = 6c
For Hybrid Frame
The degree of external indeterminacy, Dse:
◦ For plane structures
 Dse = (r-3)
◦ For space structures
 Dse = (r-6)

The degree of internal indeterminacy , Dsi:


◦ For plane structures
 Dsi = 3c-∑(m-1)
◦ For space structures
 Dsi = 6c-∑(3m-1)
DEGREE OF KINEMATIC
INDETERMINACY
 A skeletal structure is said to be
kinematically indeterminate if the
displacement components of its joints cannot
be determinate by compatibility equations
alone.
 The Number of additional equations
necessary for the determination of all the
independent displacement components is
known as the degree of kinematic
indeterminacy or the degree of freedom of
the structure.
For Pin-jointed Frame
The degree of kinematic indeterminacy of a pin-jointed
frames
◦ For plane structures
 Dk = 2j-e
◦ For space structures
 Dk = 3j-e
e = no of equations of compatability
The degree of kinematic indeterminacy of a pin-jointed
frames
◦ For plane structures
 Dk = (2j-r)
◦ For space structures
 Dk= (3j-r)
For Rigid Frame
The degree of kinematic indeterminacy of a rigid-jointed
frames
◦ For plane structures
 Dk = 3j-e
◦ For space structures
 Dk = 6j-e

The degree of kinematic indeterminacy of a rigid-


jointed unbraced frames
◦ For plane structures
 Dk = 3j - (r+m)
◦ For space structures
 Dk = 6j - (r+m)
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
 There are several methods available for the analysis
of indeterminate structures.
1. Consistent Deformation Method
2. Slope Deflection Method
3. Moment Distribution Method
4. Matrix Method
 Flexibility Matrix method
 Stiffness Matrix method
5. FEM analysis method
CONSISTENT DEFORMATION METHOD
 In this method, after unknown reactions are found,
redundant forces will be identified.
 By removing restraint in the direction of redundant forces,

released structures is obtained.


 In this released structure, displacements are obtained in

the direction of the redundant forces.


 Then the displacement due to each redundant forces are

obtained and the conditions of displacement compatibility


are imposed to get additional equations.
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE
1. Determine the degree of static indeterminacy
2. Choose the redundant forces
3. Assign the co-ordinates to the redundant force directions
4. Remove restraints to redundant forces and get basic
determinate structures
5. Determine the deflections in co-ordinate directions due
to given loading condition in the basic determinate
structures.
6. Determine the flexibility matrix
7. Apply the compatibility conditions [p]-[δ] = [(∆- ∆L)]
8. Knowing the redundant forces, compute the member
forces.

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