 Contents of Browser

 Defnition of browser

 Function of browser
 History of browser
 How browser works

 Types of browser
 Importance of browser
 Common features of browser

 Advantage /disadvantage of browser

 browser

• A browser is an application program that provides a way to

look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide
Web. This includes Web pages, videos and images. The word
"browser" originated prior to the Web as a generic term for
user interfaces that let you browse (navigate through and
read) text files online. Many people will use web browsers
today for access to the internet and is seen almost as a
necessity in how many navigate their daily life.
 Cont…

• A Web browser is a client program that uses HTTP (Hypertext

Transfer Protocol) to make requests of Web servers
throughout the Internet on behalf of the browser user. Most
browsers support e-mail and the File Transfer Protocol (FTP),
but a Web browser is not required for those Internet protocols
and more specialized client programs are more popular.
 Cont…
• A web browser is an application for accessing websites. When

a user requests a web page from a particular website, the

browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays

the page on the user's screen. Browsers are used on a range of

devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

In 2020, an estimated 4.9 billion people have used a

browser. The most used browser is Google Chrome, with a 65%

global market share on all devices, followed by Safari with 18%.

 Cont…
• A web browser is not the same thing as a search engine,
though the two are often confused.A search engine is a website
that provides links to other websites. However, to connect to a
website's server and display its web pages, a user must have a
web browser installed.In some technical contexts, browsers
are referred to as "user agents".
 Cont…
• The current most used browser worldwide is Google Chrome,
with a 65% global market share on all devices.Google Chrome
is built on Google's free and open-source
software project Chromium,and is a major component of
Google's operating system ChromeOS. Apple's Safari has the
second highest global market share, at 18%,while Microsoft
Edge has the second highest desktop share.Safari is based
on WebKit and is the default web browser for Mac
computers.Introduced in 2015, Microsoft Edge is the default
web browser on Windows 10 and 11 computers.Mozilla
Foundation's Firefox is the fourth most popular desktop
browser,and unlike some more popular browsers, is free and
open-source.
 Function

• The purpose of a web browser is to fetch content from

the World Wide Web or from local storage and display it on a
user's device.This process begins when the user inputs
a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), such
as https://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. Virtually all
URLs are retrieved using the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP), a set of rules for the transfer of data. If the
URL uses the secure mode of HTTP (HTTPS), the connection
between the browser and the web server is encrypted for the
purposes of communications security and information privacy.
 Cont…
• Web pages usually contain hyperlinks to other pages and
resources. Each link contains a URL, and when it
is clicked or tapped, the browser navigates to the new
resource. Most browsers use an internal cache of web page
resources to improve loading times for subsequent visits to the
same page. The cache can store many items, such as large
images, so they do not need to be downloaded from the server
again.Cached items are usually only stored for as long as the
web server stipulates in its HTTP response messages.
 History

• The first web browser, called WorldWideWeb, was created in

1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee.He then recruited Nicola Pellow to
write the Line Mode Browser, which displayed web pages
on dumb terminals.The Mosaic web browser was released in
April 1993, and was later credited as the first web browser to
find mainstream popularity.Its innovative graphical user
interface made the World Wide Web easy to navigate and thus
more accessible to the average person. This, in turn, sparked the
Internet boom of the 1990s, when the Web grew at a very rapid
rate.Marc Andreessen, the leader of the Mosaic team, started his
own company, Netscape, which released the Mosaic-
influenced Netscape Navigator in 1994. Navigator quickly
became the most popular browser.
 Cont…
• Microsoft debuted Internet Explorer in 1995, leading to
a browser war with Netscape. Within a few years, Microsoft
gained a dominant position in the browser market for two
reasons: it bundled Internet Explorer with Microsoft Windows,
their popular operating system and did so as freeware with no
restrictions on usage. The market share of Internet Explorer
peaked at over 95% in the early 2000s.
• In 1998, Netscape launched what would become the Mozilla
Foundation to create a new browser using the open-
source software model. This work evolved into
the Firefox browser, first released by Mozilla in 2004. Firefox's
market share peaked at 32% in 2010.Apple released
its Safari browser in 2003. Safari remains the dominant browser
on Apple devices, though it did not become popular elsewhere.
 Cont…
• Google debuted its Chrome browser in 2008, which steadily
took market share from Internet Explorer and became the most
popular browser in 2012.Chrome has remained dominant ever
since.By 2015, Microsoft replaced Internet Explorer
with Edge for the Windows 10 release.Since the early 2000s,
browsers have greatly expanded their HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
and multimedia capabilities. One reason has been to enable
more sophisticated websites, such as web apps. Another factor
is the significant increase of broadband connectivity, which
enables people to access data-intensive content, such as
video streaming, that was not possible during the era of dial-up
modems
 How does browsers work?

• A browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and

display content on the World Wide Web, including Web pages,
images, video and other files. As a client/server model, the
browser is the client run on a computer that contacts the Web
server and requests information. The Web server sends the
information back to the Web browser which displays the results
on the computer or other Internet-enabled device that supports a
browser.
 Cont…
• Today’s browsers are fully-functional software suites that can
interpret and display HTML Web pages, applications,
JavaScript, AJAX and other content hosted on Web servers.
Many browsers offer plug-ins which extend the capabilities of
the software so it can display multimedia information
(including sound and video), or the browser can be used to
perform tasks such as videoconferencing, to design web pages
or add anti-phishing filters and other security features to the
browser.
 High-level architecture of browser

Components of web browser

 Cont…
1. The User Interface: The user interface is the space where
User interacts with the browser. It includes the address bar,
back and next buttons, home button, refresh and stop,
bookmark option, etc. Every other part, except the window
where requested web page is displayed, comes under it.
2. The Browser Engine: The browser engine works as a bridge
between the User interface and the rendering engine.
According to the inputs from various user interfaces, it queries
and manipulates the rendering engine.
 Cont…
3.The Rendering Engine: The rendering engine, as the name
suggests is responsible for rendering the requested web page on the
browser screen. The rendering engine interprets the HTML, XML
documents and images that are formatted using CSS and generates the
layout that is displayed in the use rinterface.

4.Networking: Component of the browser which retrieves the URLs

using the common internet protocols of HTTP or FTP. The networking
component handles all aspects of Internet communication and
security. The network component may implement a cache of retrieved
documents in order to reduce network traffic.
 Cont…

5.JavaScript Interpreter: It is the component of the browser

which interprets and executes the javascript code embedded in a
website. The interpreted results are sent to the rendering engine for
display. If the script is external then first the resource is fetched
from the network. Parser keeps on hold until the script is executed.
6.UI Backend: UI backend is used for drawing basic widgets like
combo boxes and windows. This backend exposes a generic
interface that is not platform specific. It underneath uses operating
system user interface methods.
 Cont…

7.Data Persistence/Storage: This is a persistence layer.

Browsers support storage mechanisms such as localStorage,
IndexedDB, WebSQL and FileSystem. It is a small database
created on the local drive of the computer where the browser is
installed. It manages user data such as cache, cookies, bookmarks
and preferences.
 Types of browser
 There are four leading web browsers but there are many others
browsers available.
1. Internet Explorer
2. Google Chrome

3. Mozilla Firefox
4. Safari
 Cont…
1.Internet Explorer (IE) is a product from software giant Microsoft.

This is the most commonly used browser in the universe. This was

introduced in 1995 along with Windows 95 launch and it has passed

Netscape popularity in 1998.

2.Google Chrome:This web browser is developed by Google and its

beta version was first released on September 2, 2008 for Microsoft

Windows. Today, chrome is known to be one of the most popular

web browser with its global share of more than 50%.

 Cont…

3. Mozilla Firefox:Firefox is a new browser derived from

Mozilla. It was released in 2004 and has grown to be the second
most popular browser on the Internet.

4. Safari:Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. and

included in Mac OS X. It was first released as a public beta in
January 2003. Safari has very good support for latest
technologies like XHTML, CSS2 etc.
 Impotance of browser
1. Speed

• A browser should be able to quickly load webpages, no matter

how dynamic the content. Nowadays images and videos

dominate online platforms. Every day, 300 hours of video are

uploaded every minute on Youtube, while Facebook gets up to 8

billion average daily views from 500 million users alone.

• With the rapid growth of the web as an engaging and interactive

platform, the browser’s development is a must to accommodate

the increased amount of data, as well as users, going through it.

 Cont…
• Speed and stability is particularly important for Filipinos
given their Internet activities. According to We Are Social,
Filipinos highly involve themselves in heavy web activities,
with 99% of the Internet users streaming videos online
monthly, while 75 million are active on Facebook and 11
million on Instagram. Additionally, Filipinos spend a
remarkable average time of 10 hours daily on the Internet and
more than 4 hours on social media.
 Cont…
2.Simplicity
• A browser should also be simple and easy-to-use. The user interface

shouldn’t take up a lot of screen space, which would be better used for the

content that a user is trying to consume. Google Chrome, for instance, has

stripped away everything but the bare minimum in order to let users focus

on content and not on the browser itself.

• Chrome also has an all-purpose box on top called the ‘omnibox,’ which can

be used for typing in web addresses and search queries. It also opens up

tabs very easily – each new tab shows tiles of most frequently visited pages,

to help users get to where they want to go on the Web faster.

 Cont…
3.Security
• Browsers should also be very secure, as malware is a constant threat on the Internet.
This could lead to serious data breach and leakage which major businesses such as
Facebook, Quora, and Marriott have suffered from security lapses in 2018.

• In the Philippines, over 10.6 million malware infections have caused the country to
rank as ninth in the world in terms of volumes of online attacks.

• Web browsers these days are designed to prioritize users’ security. Chrome, for
instance, scans your computer for malicious software on demand. While browsers
themselves are a good defense against malware, it is best to also use an anti-
malware software that offers real-time protection to boost your computer’s security.
 Cont…

4. By using a web browser you can browse (or navigate ) all the
websites and get all information you want.
5. By using a web browser you can exchange emails.

6. By using a web browser you can chat with someone by text

message 
7. By using a web browser you can see any kind of video you
are looking for.
 Common features of Web Browser

 All Web Browsers have some basic features in it. following are some main
characteristics carried by all web browsers

1. An address bar:  It is the place where  you type an address of a website

2. Refresh button:  It is used to reload the web page. 

3. Stop button: This button is used to stop the communication between browser and
server.

4. Home button:  It is used to reach the home page quickly

5. Tabbed browsing: This is a feature that is used to open multiple websites in a single

window. By this feature, you can open many tabs in a window and also open a
website in each particular tab.

6. Integrated search: This feature allows you to choose your favorite search engine
and do a search in them.
 Advantage and Disadvantage of
browser
 Advantage

1. By using a web browser you can browse (or navigate ) all the
websites and get all information you want.
2. By using a web browser you can exchange emails.
3. By using a web browser you can chat with someone by text
message.
4. By using a web browser you can see any kind of video you
are looking for.
 Cont…
 Disadvantage:

1. hackers may be exists to know all the internet users data and
use their datas for individual works.
2. Anohter disadvantages of web browser is to use for a very
long period of time it is harmful our eys and brains an also it
leads to body obesity.
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