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Module 06

The document discusses human factors in safety. It defines human factors as environmental, organizational, and job factors that can influence human behavior at work in a way that affects health and safety. Accidents have declined since the 1970s largely due to improvements in human factors areas like organizational culture, leadership, and job design. Human factors look at how individual, job, and organizational characteristics interact and how that impacts safety. Reducing accidents further requires a continued focus on these human elements of safety.

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Maitham Titan
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17 views

Module 06

The document discusses human factors in safety. It defines human factors as environmental, organizational, and job factors that can influence human behavior at work in a way that affects health and safety. Accidents have declined since the 1970s largely due to improvements in human factors areas like organizational culture, leadership, and job design. Human factors look at how individual, job, and organizational characteristics interact and how that impacts safety. Reducing accidents further requires a continued focus on these human elements of safety.

Uploaded by

Maitham Titan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 06

Human Factors

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Human Factors?

“Human factors refer to environmental,


organisational and job factors, and
human and individual characteristics
which influence behaviour at work in a
way that can affect health and safety”

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Why Tackle Human Factors?

Technical improvements
(Hardware)
Number of Accidents

Process and procedural safety


(Software)

Human factors

1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Three Spheres of Influence

ORGANISATION
Culture,leadership,
Resources, Work patterns,
Communications…..

JOB
INDIVIDUAL Task, Workload
Competence, Skills Environment
Personality, Attitudes Display and Controls
Risk Perception….. Procedures…..

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
The Individual

 Attitudes and Behaviours


 Motivation
 Perception
 Also issues re :-
 Mental or physical capabilities
 Training etc

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Perception

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Perception

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
The Organisation

The culture is defined as:


“the product of individual or
Competence

competencies and patterns of Control


group values, attitudes and

behaviour, that determine the


commitment to and style and
proficiency of an
Co-operation
organisation’s health and
safety programmes.” Communication
© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
The Job
 Safe systems of work
 Ergonomics
 The extent of decision making
 a balance between stimulation and stress

 Procedures and instructions


 The working environment
 maintained to a standard and monitored

 Work patterns
© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
6 Steps to Commitment
 Committed Creates and modifies the rules or
systems to achieve the goal.

 Involved Does what can be done within the


existing system.

Sees the benefits. Does what is expected,


 Compliant but no more.

 Reluctant Does not see benefits. Does what is expected


to keep job. Probably makes reluctance known

Fails to see the benefits.


 Non-compliant Will not do what is expected.

 Apathetic No opinion or interest

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Human Failure
Active failures Latent failures
 Immediate  Poor design
consequences eg
drivers, control  Lack of training
room staff  Lack of supervision
 Uncertainty on roles
and responsibility

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Major Incidents

 Three Mile Island


 Clapham Junction
 Challenger Space Shuttle
 Piper Alpha

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1
Human Failures
Slips
Skill based
Lapses
Errors
Rules
Mistakes

Human Knowledge
Failures
Routine

Violations Situational

© CHSS 2003
Exceptional
Ref: SC/086/V1
How to promote safe behaviour
 Discipline
 responsibilities and accountability

 Reward
 Inform
 reasoning and understanding

 changing perceptions

 Facilitate
 make safe behaviour easy

 Train
 competence

© CHSS 2003
Ref: SC/086/V1

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