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Unit 1 Types of Data

This document discusses different types of data: - Qualitative data refers to non-numerical attributes like eye color, and is divided into nominal data (labels without order) and ordinal data (ordered labels). - Quantitative data is numerical and can be discrete (countable integers) or continuous (fractional numbers). - Examples of each type of data are provided, like gender as nominal qualitative data, exam grades as ordinal qualitative data, number of students as discrete quantitative data, and height as continuous quantitative data.

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MBA LOGISTICS & SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
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28 views

Unit 1 Types of Data

This document discusses different types of data: - Qualitative data refers to non-numerical attributes like eye color, and is divided into nominal data (labels without order) and ordinal data (ordered labels). - Quantitative data is numerical and can be discrete (countable integers) or continuous (fractional numbers). - Examples of each type of data are provided, like gender as nominal qualitative data, exam grades as ordinal qualitative data, number of students as discrete quantitative data, and height as continuous quantitative data.

Uploaded by

MBA LOGISTICS & SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MBA – Industry Collaborated Programs

BusinessV Analytics (BA)


Types of data & the scales of
measurement

Business Analytics DISCOVER . LEARN .


Unit-I L1.6_7 EMPOWER 1
Introduction
What is data?
It is a collection of measurements or
observations, divided into two different
types: qualitative and quantitative.

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Qualitative data /categorical
Data
• Qualitative data refers to information
about qualities, or information that cannot
be measured. It’s usually descriptive and
textual. Examples include someone’s eye
colour or the type of car they drive. In
surveys, it’s often used to categorise ‘yes’
or ‘no’ answers.
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• Quantitative data is numerical. It’s used to define information
that can be counted. Some examples of quantitative data
include distance, speed, height, length and weight. It’s easy to
remember the difference between qualitative and quantitative
data, as one refers to qualities, and the other refers to
quantities.
• A bookshelf, for example, may have 100 books on its shelves
and be 100 centimetres tall. These are quantitative data
points. The colour of the bookshelf – red – is a qualitative
data point.
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• Quantitative, or numerical, data can be
broken down into two types: discrete and
continuous.
• Discrete Data
• The term discrete means distinct or separate. The discrete data contain the
values that fall under integers or whole numbers. The total number of
students in a class is an example of discrete data. These data can’t be
broken into decimal or fraction values.

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• The discrete data are countable and have finite values; their subdivision is
not possible. These data are represented mainly by a bar graph, number
line, or frequency table.
• Examples of Discrete Data : 
• Total numbers of students present in a class
• Cost of a cell phone
• Numbers of employees in a company
• The total number of players who participated in a competition
• Days in a week.

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Continuous Data
• Continuous data are in the form of fractional numbers. It can be the version
of an android phone, the height of a person, the length of an object, etc.
Continuous data represents information that can be divided into smaller
levels. The continuous variable can take any value within a range. 
• The key difference between discrete and continuous data is that discrete
data contains the integer or whole number. Still, continuous data stores the
fractional numbers to record different types of data such as temperature,
height, width, time, speed, etc.

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• Examples of Continuous Data : 
• Height of a person
• Speed of a vehicle
• “Time-taken” to finish the work 
• Wi-Fi Frequency
• Market share price
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ntinuous Data

Discrete Data Continuous Data


Discrete data are countable and finite; they are Continuous data are measurable; they are in the
whole numbers or integers form of fractions or decimal
Discrete data are represented mainly by bar graphs Continuous data are represented in the form of a
histogram
The values cannot be divided into subdivisions into The values can be divided into subdivisions into
smaller pieces smaller pieces
Discrete data have spaces between the values Continuous data are in the form of a continuous
sequence
Examples: Total students in a class, number of days Example: Temperature of room, the weight of a
in a week, size of a shoe, etc person, length of an object, etc

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Qualitative or Categorical Data

• Qualitative or Categorical Data is data that can’t be measured or counted in


the form of numbers. These types of data are sorted by category, not by
number. That’s why it is also known as Categorical Data. These data
consist of audio, images, symbols, or text. The gender of a person, i.e.,
male, female, or others, is qualitative data.
• Qualitative data tells about the perception of people. This data helps
market researchers understand the customers’ tastes and then design their
ideas and strategies accordingly

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• The other examples of qualitative data are :
• What language do you speak
• Favorite holiday destination
• Opinion on something (agree, disagree, or neutral)
• Colors

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The Qualitative data are further classified into two parts

Nominal Data
Nominal Data is used to label variables without any order or quantitative
value. The color of hair can be considered nominal data, as one color can’t be
compared with another color.
Examples of Nominal Data :
• Colour of hair (Blonde, red, Brown, Black, etc.)
• Marital status (Single, Widowed, Married)
• Nationality (Indian, German, American)
• Gender (Male, Female, Others)
• Eye Color (Black, Brown, etc.)
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• Ordinal Data
• Ordinal data have natural ordering where a number is present in some kind
of order by their position on the scale. These data are used for observation
like customer satisfaction, happiness, etc., but we can’t do any arithmetical
tasks on them. 
• Ordinal data is qualitative data for which their values have some kind of
relative position. These kinds of data can be considered “in-between”
qualitative and quantitative data. The ordinal data only shows the
sequences and cannot use for statistical analysis. Com

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Examples of Ordinal Data :

• When companies ask for feedback, experience, or satisfaction


on a scale of 1 to 10
• Letter grades in the exam (A, B, C, D, etc.)
• Ranking of people in a competition (First, Second, Third, etc.)
• Economic Status (High, Medium, and Low)
• Education Level (Higher, Secondary, Primary)

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Summarize

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Thank You

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