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Introduction
Definition Background Overview of the technology Examples Summary
What is Delay Tolerant Networking [DTN]
DTNs= o Disruption Tolerant Network o Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks [ICMNs] o InterPlaNetary (IPN) Internet Communication over vast distances where end-to-end continuous connectivity is not required (Cerf, et al., 2007)
Background
In 1966 Leonard Kleinrock of MIT developed the theory of packet switching DARPA has funded NASA to develop Interplanetary Internet
(Farrell, S., 2006)
Leonard Kleinrock
Vint Cerf and others has developed initial DTN architecture in July 1998.
o The initial public announcement of this project can be found in the JPL house journal .Available: Universe (7 August 1998)
Vinton Cerf
In 2002 Kevin Fall has proposed DTN acronym as Delay Tolerant Networks
(Sterbenz, J., 2005)
2002- Delay-Tolerant Networking Research Group
(DTNRG., 2011)
Kevin Fall
When do we need DTNs?
Can be adapted to scenarios other than inter-planetary communication To enable network access, when infrastructure is: o difficult to deploy o expensive to deploy o available, but a DTN can still improve performance (Cerf, V. et al., 2002)
Some real life examples where DTNs are being used..
Infrastructure is difficult to deploy
Wild-life tracking
ZebraNet project, Kenya
(Princeton University. 2007)
Infrastructure expensive to deploy
Providing Internet connectivity to developing regions. E.g., Email
KioskNet Project in India and Ghana
(Keshaw, S. 2009)
Interplanetary Examples
2008 November DINET 1 Test: Deep Impact DTN experiment: Moved 292 images (about 14.5 MB) through the DTN (NASA, 2010) network
2009 November DINET 2 postponed to 2011 due to Hartley 2 Comet
(NASA, 2010)
How it Works?
Store and Forward Bundling
Intermediate
i
(Boucher, M. 2002)
Source
Destination
Bundle Layer
The figure below compares Internet protocol layers with DTN protocol layers
potential delay
TCP/IP Model Application
Transport - TCP
Mission Control Application Ground Sattelite Station Bundle Layer Network Specific Layers Network Specific Layers
Rover Application
Network - IP Link Physical
Network Specific Layers
Network Specific Layers
Source: Wartham, F. 2003. Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs): Tutorial
DTN operates over existing protocols and provide a gateway when a node touches two or more dissimilar networks
Summary
DTN began intended as Interplanetary Internet for deep-space connectivity, but is now also used for adhoc sensor networks. DTN Routers are equipped with significant persistent storage Data is moved like store-and-forward email messages in bundles between nodes, when limited connectivity becomes available
Round-trip times could range from milliseconds to days
Retransmission may be very expensive
Live Video from NASA
2011. NASA allows the public to watch technicians assemble and test NASA's next Mars rover Curiosity Source:
http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/whereistherover now/
Any Questions?
Thank You!
Tomasz Halapacz
[email protected]
References
Aggelou, G. 2008. Wireless Mesh Networking, McGraw-Hill.
Anagnostopoulos, C. and S. Hadjiefthymiades .2010. "Delay-tolerant delivery of quality information in ad hoc networks." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. Boucher, M. 2002. The InterPlanetary Internet (IPN) [online] Available: http://images.spaceref.com/news/02.28.00.marsnetwork.jpg [accessed 27 February 2011] Cerf, V. et al., 2002. Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture: The Evolving Interplanetary Internet, August. Cerf, V. et al., 2007. Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture, IETF RFC 4838, informational, April. Cerf. V, et al., 2001. Interplanetary Internet (IPN): Architectural Definition. Online] Available: http://www.ipnsig.org/reports/memo-ipnrg-arch-00.pdf [accessed 03 February 2011] Durst, R. and Feighery, P. ,2006. Why not use the Standard Internet Suite for the Interplanetary Internet?, IPN Special Interest Group, (http://www.ipnsig.org/reports/TCP_IP.pdf). DTNRG., 2011. Delay Tolerant Networking Research Group [online] Available: http://www.dtnrg.org/ [last accessed 28 February 2011] Fall, K. 2003. A Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture for Challenged Internets [online] Available: http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2003/papers/p27-fall.pdf
References
Farrell, S. and V. Cahill (2006). Delay- and disruption-tolerant networking, Artech House. Ivancic, W. et al. 2010. Large File Transfers from Space using Multiple Ground Terminals and DelayTolerant Networking. IEEE Global Communications Conference (Globecom), Miami [online] Available: http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/L.Wood/publications/ivancic-globecom-largefile-dtn.pdf [accessed 05 February 2011] Keshaw, S. 2009. The KioskNet Project Overview. [online] Available: http://blizzard.cs.uwaterloo.ca/tetherless/index.php/KioskNet [accessed 20 February 2011] Meghanathan, N., B. Kaushik, et al. (2010). Advances in Networks and Communications: First International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, CCSIT 2011, Bangalore, India, January 2-4, 2011. Proceedings, Springer. NASA. 2010. EPOXI Mission Overview [online] Available: http://epoxi.umd.edu/1mission/index.shtml [accessed 25 February 2011] Princeton University. 2007. Zebranet Project Overview. [online] Available: http://www.princeton.edu/~mrm/zebranet.html [accessed 15 February 2011] Scott, K. and Burleigh, S.2007, Bundle Protocol Specification, IETF RFC 5050, experimental, November.
Sterbenz, J. and Krishnan, R. 2005. Survivable and Disruption Tolerant Networking. [online] Available: http://www.sterbenz.org/jpgs/tutorials/sumowin-dtn/SUMOWIN-DTN-display.pdf [accessed 03 February 2011].
Vasilakos, A. (2011). Delay Tolerant Networks: Protocols and Applications, Taylor & Francis. Warthman, F. 2003. Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs): A Tutorial [online] Available: http://www.dtnrg.org/docs/tutorials/warthman-1.1.pdf [accessed 03 February 2011]
http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/whereistherovernow/
